Ayyuka da Electrolysis Electroplating Electroforming Electrorefining

Ayyuka na Electrolysis

Electrolytic Refining of Metals

An yanke electrolytic refining of metals ana amfani da shi don koyar abubuwa daga madada. A wannan yanke, ana yi anode na gida da ciwo mai tsirra, ana yi electrolyte da ciwo mai tsirra mai yawa, kuma ana yi cathode da ciwo mai sauƙi.

Electrolytic Refining of Copper

Don fahimtar yanke electrolytic refining of metals, za a tattauna misali kan electrolytic refining of copper. Copper da aka fito daga ore, wanda ake kira blister copper, ya fi sauƙi 98 zuwa 99% amma zai iya zama 99.95% sauƙi don aikace-aikace masu amfani game da electrorefining.

A wannan yanke na electrolysis, ana yi anode ko positive electrode da ciwo mai tsirra, copper sulfate acidified with sulfuric acid, as electrolyte and pure copper plates coated with graphite, as cathode or negative electrode.
Copper sulfate ta koyar Cu+ + da SO4 − −. Cu+ + zai muka zuwa negative electrode da aka sauki da pure copper inda ya jin electrons da kathode, kuma ya zama Cu atom da aka jin a surface na graphite da kathode.

Duk da haka, SO4 − − zai muka zuwa positive electrode ko anode inda ya jin electrons da anode kuma ya zama radical SO4 amma ba radical SO4 ba zan iya zama daidai, ya kiyaye copper da anode da aka form CuSO4. Wannan CuSO4 zai jin solution da koyar Cu+ + da SO4 − −. Cu+ + zai muka zuwa negative electrode inda ya jin electrons da kathode, kuma ya zama Cu atoms da aka jin a surface na graphite da kathode. Hakan na nufin cewa copper mai tsirra zai jin da aka jin a surface na graphite da kathode.

Abubuwan metal da anode suka koyar da SO4, suna form metallic sulfate da suka jin solution. Abubuwan da kamar silver da gold, wadanda ba suka samun inganci a kan sulfuric acid-copper sulfate, za su jin anode sludge ko mud. A baya-bayan yanke, copper da aka jin kathode zai jin da anode & zai kanfi da ciwo mai tsirra.
NB :- A wannan yanke na electrolytic refining of metals ko electro refining, cathode ta sauki da graphite don hana jin chemical da aka jin, zai iya jin da rike. Wannan shine wata tsohon ayyukan electrolysis.

Electroplating

Yanke electroplating ya fi dace da electrorefining – farkon farkoda, a kan graphite coated cathode muna iya kan object inda electroplating za a yi. Tattaunawa misali kan brass key wanda za a copper-platted da copper electroplating.

Copper Electroplating

Tun dace ne cewa copper sulfate ta koyar Cu+ + da SO4 − − a solution. Don copper electroplating, ana yi copper sulfate solution as electrolyte, pure copper as anode and an object (a brass key) as cathode. Pure copper rod ita ce da aka sauki da positive terminal, brass key ita ce da aka sauki da negative terminal. Idan copper rod da key suna jin copper-sulfate solution, copper rod zai jin anode, key zai jin cathode. Inda key ita ce da aka sauki da negative terminal, ita zai jin Cu+ + ions, idan Cu+ + ions suka jin surface na key, suka jin electrons da key, suka zama neutral copper atom da suka jin a surface na key. SO4 − − ions zai muka zuwa anode da suka jin copper da anode. Don proper and uniform copper plating, object (brass key) zai jin rotation a solution.

Electroforming

Reproduction of objects by electro-deposition on some sort of mould is known as electroforming. This is another very useful example among many applications of electrolysis. For that, first we have to take the impression of objects on wax or on other wax like material. The surface of the wax mold which bears exact impression of the object, is coated with graphite powder in order to make it conducting. Then the mold is dipped into the electrolyte solution as cathode. During electrolysis process, the electrolyte metal will be deposited on the graphite coated impressed surface of the mold. After obtaining a layer of desired thickness, the article is removed and the wax is melted to get the reproduced object in form of metal shell. A popular use of electroforming is reproduction of gramophone record dices. The original recording is done on a record of wax composition. This wax mold is then coated with gold powder to make it conducting. Then this mold is dipped into a blue vitriol electrolyte as cathode. The solution is kept saturated by using a copper anode. The copper electroforming on the wax mold produces master plate which is used to stamp a large number of shellac discs.

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