Karamin Kirki a Cikin Mafi Kirki
Dadi na Kirkiya a Series?
A kirkiya mai series ko zane a series yana nufin idan duwatsu masu kirkiya da dama suka zama a cikin kirkiya a kanun gida. A wannan irin kirkiyoyi, akwai kawai hanyar da shiga zai iya tafi a cikin kirkiya. Yanayi da ke faruwa a kanun gida a cikin kirkiya ya kira voltage. A cikin takardun, za a bayyana voltage a cikin kirkiya mai series.
A battery ta kirkiya yana ba shiga da energy don zai tafi a cikin battery da yake faruwa a kanun gida da yake faruwa a cikin kirkiya. Idan muna fada battery da 2 volts, zai faruwa 2 volts a kanun gida a cikin kirkiya.
Yawan electric potential a terminal mai kyau ya fi 2 volts da terminal mai hasu. Don haka, idan shiga ta tafi daga terminal mai kyau zuwa terminal mai hasu, zai faru 2 volts a electric potential.
Wannan ana kiran da ita voltage drop. Wannan ya faru ne idan energy da shiga ke faru wanda aka yi conversion a wurare (mechanical, heat, light etc) a lokacin da shiga ta tafi a cikin component (resistors ko load) a cikin kirkiya.
Idan muna fada kirkiya da resistors da dama suka zama a series da suka bari da 2V cell, yadda ake faruwa da shiga zai 2V. Yana nufin cewa zai faruwa voltage drop a kanun gida a cikin resistor. Amma za a samun cewa jami'a na voltage drop duka component zai 2V wanda yake da power source.
Mathematically, we can express it as
By using Ohm’s law the individual voltage drops can be calculated as
Now, we can assume a series circuit comprises of 3 resistors and powered by a 9V energy source. Here, we are going to find out the potential difference at a different location during the passage of current throughout the series circuit.
The locations are marked in red color in the circuit below. We know that current passes in the direction from the positive terminal towards the negative terminal of the source. The negative sign of the voltage or potential difference represents the loss in potential due to the resistor.
The electrical potential difference of different points in the circuit can be represented with the help of a diagram called the electric potential diagram that is shown below.
In this example, the electrical potential at A = 9V since it is the higher potential terminal. The electrical potential at H = 0V since it is the negative terminal. When the current passes through the 9V power source, the charge gains 9V of electrical potential, which is from H to A. While the current passes throughout the external circuit, the charge loses this 9V completely.
Here, this happens in three steps. There will be drop-in voltage when the current passes through the resistors but no voltage drop occurs when the passage is through the mere wire. So, we can see that between the points AB, CD, EF and GH; there is no voltage drop. But between points B and C, the voltage drop is 2V.
That is the source voltage 9V becomes 7V. Next, between the points D and E, the voltage drop is 4V. At this point, the voltage 7V becomes 3V. At last, between the points F and G, the voltage drop is 3V. At this point, the voltage 3V becomes 0V.
The portion of the circuit between the points G and H, there is no energy for the charge. So, it desires an energy boost for the passage through the external circuit again. This is provided by the power source as the charge passes from H to A.
The several voltage sources in series can be replaced by a single voltage source by taking the sum total of all the voltage sources. But we have to consider the polarity as shown below.
AC Voltage Sources in Series
In the case of AC voltage sources in series, the voltage sources can be added or combined together to form a single source provided that the angular frequency (ω) of the connected sources are identical. If the AC voltage sources connected in series are of different angular frequencies, it can be added together provided the current through the connected sources is the same.
Application of Voltage in Series Circuits
The application of voltages in series circuits include:
Fire alarm battery.
Batteries in remote, toys etc.
Lighting purposes in a train, Christmas tree etc.
Source: Electrical4u.
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