Mai Tsarki Wani?

Indukansi ce ta yadda?

Indukansi tana faruwa ne kafin yawan ruwa na karamin kasa yana da damar kawo alamomin kasa mai tsari masu inganci kafin ya kawo alamomin kasa mai tsari masu kadan. Saboda haka ana nufin indakansa a matsayin "chokes," saboda suna zama suka kawo alamomin kasa mai tsari masu inganci. Yadda ake amfani da chokes shine a cikin circuit biasing radio amplifier idan collector transistor ya bukatar voltage DC bane ya kawo signal RF (radio frequency) zuwa voltage DC.

Sannu wire 1,000,000 miles (ko kuma 1,600,000 kilometers). Sannu a yi wannan wire zuwa loop mai yawa, sannu a yi lalace a kan terminals battery kamar yadda ake bayyana a Figure 1. driving current through the wire.

Idan a yi wannan experiment da wire mai kadan, yawan ruwa zai faruwa karshe, kuma yake magance daraja da aka kawo da resistance a wire da kuma resistance a battery. Amma saboda a gane wire mai yawa, electrons zai bukata wani lokaci don zama wa karkashin terminal negative battery, zuwa loop, kuma zaɓi zuwa terminal positive. Saboda haka, zai bukata wani lokaci don yawan ruwa zama zuwa darajinsa mafi yawa.

Magnetic field da loop yake faruwa zai faruwa da kadan, a lokutan da yawan ruwa yake faruwa a kadan daga loop. Field zai faruwa kafin electrons yake samu loop. Idan electrons yake samu terminal positive battery don yawan ruwa zama zuwa darajinsa mafi yawa a duk loop, magnetic field quantity zai faruwa zuwa maximums da ya kusa, kamar yadda ake bayyana a Figure 2. A lokacin, za a gane energy mai yawa a magnetic field. Dabara energy mai yawa zai faruwa da inductance da loop, wanda yake faruwa da size overall. Ana symbolize inductance, as a property or as a mathematical variable, by writing an italicized, uppercase letter L. Our loop constitutes an inductor. To abbreviate "inductor," we write an upper-case, non-italicized letter L.

Fig. 1. We can use a huge, imaginary loop of wire to illustrate the principle of inductance

Babu duba a iya yi wire loop mai circumference mai yawa kamar 1,000,000 miles. Amma a gane iya yi wire lengths mai yawa zuwa coils mai yawa. Idan a yi haka, magnetic flux da wire length mai yawa yake faruwa da flux da single-turn loop yake faruwa, da yake faruwa inductance. Idan a yi core ferromagnetic a cikin coil wire, a gane iya faruwa flux density da kuma inductance.

A gane iya samun values of L many times greater with a ferromagnetic core than we can get with a similar-sized coil having an air core, a solid plastic core, or a solid dry wooden core. (Plastic and dry wood have permeability values that differ little from air or a vacuum; engineers occasionally use these materials as coil cores or "forms" in order to add structural rigidity to the windings without significantly changing the inductance.) The current that an inductor can handle depends on the diameter of the wire. But the value of L also depends on the number of turns in the coil, the diameter of the coil, and the overall shape of the coil.

If we hold all other factors constant, the inductance of a helical coil increases in direct proportion to the number of turns of wire. Inductance also increases in direct proportion to the diameter of the coil. If we "stretch out" a coil having a certain number of turns and a certain diameter while holding all other parameters constant, its inductance goes down. Conversely, if we "squash up" an elongated coil while holding all other factors constant, the inductance goes up.

Under normal circumstances, the inductance of a coil (or any other type of device designed to function as an inductor) remains constant regardless of the strength of the signal we apply. In this context, "abnormal circumstances" refer to an applied signal so strong that the inductor wire melts, or the core material heats up excessively. Good engineering sense demands that such conditions should never arise in a well-designed electrical or electronic system.

Fig. 2. Relative magnetic flux in and around a huge loop of wire connected to a current source, as a function of time.

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