Me kana shi ne IEE-Business Electrical Grid?

Takaitaccen

Grid na shirya, ko kuma grid na shirya, ana takaita cewa ce mafi girman jami'an da aka gudanar da abubuwa masu shirya, bayyana, da kuma tattara. Ingancin ita ce ya kunshi bayyana shirya daga baya-bayoyi masu shirya zuwa mutane. Yawan shirya da aka bayyana daga baya-bayoyi zuwa wurare na mu'amala suna fi tsara da voltaji mai yawa 220kV ko kuma yawan da ya fi mai yawa. Jami'ar da suka gudanar da hanyar bayyana wa yawan voltaji mai yawa wadanda suke kiran super grid. Super grid, kafin kafin, ta ba shirya zuwa jami'ar bayyana mai kasa, wanda yake amfani da voltaji 132kV ko kuma yawan da suke kira.

Abunawa na Grid Masu Shirya

Baya-bayoyi masu shirya a kan grid na shirya suna da zama a cikin wurare da ke da kayan aiki don in haka ƙarin magangan. Amma, wannan yana nufin cewa suke zaune a wurare da ke da ƙwarewa masu ƙungiyoyi. Shiriya mai yawa da aka fara a cikin baya-bayoyi suka faɗa da inganta transformers na ƙaramin rarrabe a kan sub-stations kafin aka tattara zuwa mutane. Grid masu shirya suna iya ƙunshi abunawa biyu:

Grid na Yankin

Grid na yankin an samu ta da ƙungiyar hanyoyin bayyana a kan yankin babban da ba da shi. Wannan abunawa ta taimaka wajen ƙunshi bayyana da tattara shirya a matsayin yankin ko kuma yankin, don in iya tabbatar da adadin shirya da yankin ke buƙata da zama.

Grid na Kasar

Grid na kasar an samu ta da ƙungiyar grid masu yankin. Ita taimaka wajen ƙunshi bayyana da tattara shirya a kan duk kasar, don in iya bayyana shirya daga yankin zuwa yankin. Wannan jami'ar da suka ƙungiya taimaka wajen ƙunshi bayyana da maɓalluka shirya a kan duk kasar, wanda yana ƙara lalacewar da ingancin grid.

Dalilai na Ƙungiyar Grid

Ƙungiyar grid masu shirya tana ba da fa'idota da dama. Ita taimaka wajen ƙunshi amfani da kayan aiki, don in iya tattara shirya da ƙarin ƙarfin a cikin yankin da yankin. Wannan ƙungiya tana ƙara lalacewar da bayyana shirya, domin a iya ƙara bayyana shirya daga yankin zuwa yankin idan akwai yadda a kan ƙungiyar.

Duk da haka, ƙungiyar grid tana ƙara ƙarfi da lalacewar da jami'ar bayyana da tattara shirya. Ta taimaka wajen ƙara ƙarfi da ƙarfin shirya da ke da su a cikin yankin da yankin. Wannan tarihin ƙarfin da ake ƙara tana ƙara ƙarfi da cost mara ƙarfin shirya mai ƙarin, kuma tana ƙara ƙarfi da lalacewar da jami'ar bayyana da tattara shirya.

Idan akwai yadda mai yawa a kan grid na shirya ko kuma lafiya ta shirya, yankin da ke da yadda za a iya ƙara shirya daga yankin da suke ƙungiya. Amma, don in iya ƙara ƙarfi da ƙungiyar, an bukata ƙarfin shirya, wanda ake kira spinning reserve. Spinning reserve suna ƙunshi generators da suke yi aiki a wasu watsa na normal, wanda suke ƙara bayyana shirya lokacin da an buƙata.

Abunawa na Ƙungiyar

Ƙungiyar da suka ƙungiya a kan grid masu shirya suna ƙunshi abunawa biyu: HVAC (High Voltage Alternating Current) link da HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) link.

HVAC (High Voltage Alternating Current) Ƙungiyar

A cikin ƙungiyar HVAC, an ƙungiya systemai biyu masu alternating current (AC) tare da hanyar bayyana AC. Don in iya ƙungiya AC systems, yana da kyau a iya ƙara ƙarfi da frequency a kan abubuwan system. A cikin system 50Hz, misali, ƙarin da aka ƙara tana zama a nan 48.5 Hz zuwa 51.5 Hz. Wannan abunawa tana kiran ƙungiyar synchronous ko kuma synchronous tie, saboda haka tana ƙara ƙarfi da ƙungiyar rigide a kan abubuwan AC systems.

Duk da ƙarfin da ake amfani da shi, ƙungiyar AC tana da batun da dama, kuma ƙungiyar AC systems suna da mabatan da dama:

• Propagation of Frequency Disturbance: Saboda ƙungiyar AC networks ita ce synchronous, idan akwai yadda a kan frequency a kan system, tana ƙara yadda a kan system na biyu. Wannan zai iya ƙara instability a kan ƙungiyar network.

• Impact of Power Swing: Power swings a cikin AC system zai iya ƙara da yawa a cikin AC system na biyu. Power swings mai yawa zai iya haifar da tripping of protective devices, wanda zai iya ƙara major faults a cikin system. Idan fault ya ƙara, zai iya ƙara complete collapse of the entire interconnected AC network.

• Increased Fault Levels: Connecting an existing AC system to another via an AC tie line can increase the fault level. This occurs because the additional parallel line reduces the equivalent reactance of the interconnected system. However, if both AC systems are connected to the same fault line, the fault level of each individual system remains unaffected.

HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) Ƙungiyar

A DC ƙungiyar, ko kuma DC tie, tana ba da ƙarfin ƙungiyar da ƙarfi da ƙungiyar biyu masu AC. Duk da ƙungiyar HVAC, DC ties suna ƙunshi non-synchronous (asynchronous). Ƙungiyar HVDC tana da fa'idota da dama:

• Frequency Independence: The asynchronous nature of the DC interconnection system allows for the connection of AC networks operating at either the same or different frequencies. This unique feature enables the seamless integration of diverse AC systems while allowing each system to maintain its own frequency standards and operate independently.

• Precise Power Flow Control: HVDC links can rapidly and reliably control the magnitude and direction of power flow by adjusting the firing angle of the converters. This precise control mechanism significantly enhances the transient stability limit of the interconnected system, ensuring more reliable power transmission.

• Power Swing Damping: By modulating the power flow through the DC tie, HVDC interconnections can quickly dampen power swings in the interconnected AC networks. This effectively improves the overall stability of the electrical grid, reducing the risk of cascading failures and enhancing system resilience.

A zamanin yanzu, grid masu shirya na farko suna ƙara da smart grids. Tare da smart meters da intelligent appliances, smart grids tana ƙara ƙarfin aiki, ƙarfin management ga demand-side, da ƙarfin aiki da ƙarfi a kan abubuwan conventional counterparts.