Ga wata shi ne da kuma yadda ake amfani da kabluka masu tsakiyar duniya na musamman da kayan aikin da kablukan daidai a cikin ɗaya daga cikin hanyar zabe ta?

Muhimmin da take koyar karamin layi, hoton layi da karamin siffofi a cikin ci gaba

Hoton layi

Koyar karamin energya: Hoton layi shi ne mai karfi mafi yawan da ya koyar karamin energya a cikin ci gaba. Yana koyar karamin current na alternating da aka bayarwa (kamar 220V mains) zuwa abubuwan karamin ci gaban da suka bukata don bayar da energyan da za su iya yi aiki. Misali, idan ka taka rarrabe wata, za'a haɗa karamin hoton layi zuwa watan, zai shiga filamin watan, sannan za'a haɗa zuwa bayarwar karamin karamin siffofin layi, haka zai ba watan gaske.

Bayar da potenshiyal na musamman: Hoton layi tana da potenshiyal na musamman daga karamin siffofin layi da karamin layi. A cikin ci gabantar AC, voltaji na hoton layi yana canza saboda sine wave, kuma mafin ta yana kasance 2 kowane 220V (kusan 311V). Wannan potenshiyal na musamman shine daya daga cikin masu tsabta da ke haɗa kan current zuwa ci gaba, haka za su iya yi aiki abubuwan karamin. Misali, a yanayin motor na electric, current na da shi a nan ga potenshiyal na musamman daga hoton layi da karamin siffofin layi ya saukar da coils na motoci zuwa maganin magnetic, wanda ya haɗa kan rotor na motoci zuwa zama.

Karamin siffofin layi

• Sakamako da ci gaba: Muhimmancin karamin siffofin layi shine sakamako da ci gaba ta hanyar hoton layi, haka current zai iya haɗa a nan bayarwar karamin da abubuwan karamin. A lokacin da ya fi dace, potenshiyal na karamin siffofin layi yana kasance da geodetic potential, kuma potenshiyal na karamin layi yana kasance daidai. Misali, a cikin karamin tattalin arziki, za'a haɗa karamin hoton layi zuwa abubuwan karamin, ba da aiki na abubuwan karamin, sannan za'a haɗa zuwa bayarwar karamin karamin siffofin layi, haka za su samun ci gaba da takamaki.

• Jirgin voltaji: Karamin siffofin layi tana da muhimmancin jirgin voltaji a cikin ci gaban three-phase. A cikin system na power supply na three-phase four-wire, farkon voltaji na three live lines shine 120 degrees, kuma voltaji a cikin ci gaban three-phase zai iya jirgi a nan ga karamin siffofin layi. Idan karamin siffofin layi ta fito ko contact ta yake da damu, zai iya haɗa kan three-phase voltage imbalance, haka za su ba abubuwan karamin ba su iya yi aiki daidai, kuma zai iya haɗa kan damage. Misali, a wasu factory ko places na business, idan three-phase load bai yake da balance ba, current na karamin siffofin layi zai zama, kuma yana da kyau a tabbatar da karamin siffofin layi ta haɗa daidai don tabbatar da stable operation na power system.

Karamin layi

• Himayen da kyau: Muhimmancin karamin layi shine himayen da kyau. Idan abubuwan karamin ta da fault kamar leakage ko short circuit, karamin layi zai iya haɗa kan leakage current zuwa ground don sake waɗanda suka haɗa kan shock. Misali, idan casing na washing machine tana da charge, idan washing machine tana haɗa da karamin layi, leakage current zai haɗa zuwa ground karamin karamin layi, ba kadan ba haɗa kan body da human zuwa ground, haka zai ba himayen da kyau waɗanda suke amfani da ita.

• Rasa static electricity: Karamin layi tana da muhimmancin rasa static electricity da aka samu a nan abubuwan karamin. A wasu environment na dry, abubuwan karamin suna da kansa suka samu static electricity, idan ba a rasa a baya ba, static electricity zai iya jira zuwa potential na musamman, wanda zai iya haɗa kan harm waɗanda suka haɗa kan human ko equipment. Tabbatar da karamin cable, static electricity zai iya haɗa zuwa ground karamin karamin layi, haka za su ba himayen da kyau device da environment. Misali, a computer room, don sake rasa electrostatic damage zuwa electronic equipment, karamin copper bars na ground suna haɗa da su don haɗa zuwa karamin layi don rasa static electricity.

A single wire cannot serve all these purposes

Farkon electrical characteristics: Electrical characteristics na hoton layi, karamin siffofin layi da karamin layi a cikin ci gaba suna da farko. Hoton layi tana da potenshiyal na musamman kuma ana koyar karamin energya; Karamin siffofin layi ana amfani da ita don sakamako da ci gaba da jirgin voltaji; Karamin layi ana amfani da ita don himayen da kyau da rasa static electricity. Idan an amfani da wire kawai don haɗa kan wannan functions, zai iya haɗa kan electrical performance na ci gaba ta yake da damu, kuma zai iya haɗa kan risk na failure wa abubuwan karamin. Misali, idan karamin layi da hoton layi ko karamin siffofin layi an haɗa, idan abubuwan karamin ta da leakage, leakage current bai haɗa zuwa ground a baya, haka zai iya haɗa kan risk na human shock.

Safety standards are not allowed: Don sake tabbatar da electrical safety, countries sun nuna electrical safety standards na musamman, wadannan standards sun ce hoton layi, karamin siffofin layi da karamin layi zai haɗa daidai. Wannan standards sun haɗa da practical experience da scientific research don ba himayen da lives da property wa people. Idan an yi nasara game da wannan standards, amfani da wire kawai don haɗa kan three wires zai iya haɗa kan serious electrical accidents kuma zai iya haɗa kan life-threatening conditions. Misali, a construction of electrical installation, idan workers suka yi nasara game da cost da suka haɗa da karamin layi da karamin siffofin layi, idan leakage accident ta faru, leakage protection device bai iya haɗa daidai, haka zai iya haɗa kan great security risks wa user.