Wani ya kayan aiki da ake amfani da ita don haɗa kwallonsarautar tsari a matsayin mai sarrafa?

Hukumomin Karamin Kirkiwa Daga Mafi Kirkiwa

Hukumomin karamin kirkiwa daga mafi kirkiwa ana samu ne tare da amfani da hukumomin kirkiwa. Hukumomin kirkiwa suna dakata cewa karshen kirkiwa yana bari daidai musamman idan akwai wahala wadanda ke gudanar da zama, inganci da kirkiwar mafita, ko kuma alamun adadin kirkiwa. Da naɗa su ne wasu hukumomin masu kyau don hukumomin karamin kirkiwa da kuma hukumomin da suke:

1. Linear Regulator

Hukumomin da ta yi: Linear regulator yana dogara darajinsa da transistorda ke gudanar da zama don kawo abubuwan kirkiwa a kan sararin jiki, saboda haka ya ba da karamin kirkiwa da take daidai. Yana yi nasara a hanyar resistor mai yawan gudanar da zama, an yi dogara da ita otomatiki kamar yadda adadin zama ke gudanar da zama don kawo karshen kirkiwa daidai.

Muhimman abubuwa:

• Yana da muhimmanci da shirya da shirya da tsarin kirkira mai yawan gudanar da zama.

• Yana ba da karshen kirkiwa mai yawan daidai da kuma mai yawan daidai.

Matsalolin:

• Babu ma'ada, musamman idan kirkiwar mafita yana da damar da karshen kirkiwa, saboda akwai abubuwan kirkiwa da suke kawo a kan sararin jiki.

• Yana bukata hukumomin daidai na jiki saboda kawon sararin jiki.

• Tsunan Amfani: Yana da muhimmanci a kirkirin da suka da damar daidai kamar kirkirin audio da kuma kirkirin sensor daidai.

2. Switching Regulator 

Hukumomin da ta yi: Switching regulator yana amfani da kawon kirkira (tare da MOSFETs ko BJT) don kawo abubuwan kirkiwa, an yi dogara da kirkiwar mafita zuwa pulse waveform. Wannan waveform na kawo da filter don kawo karshen DC daidai. Switching regulators zai iya haƙa (Boost), kadan (Buck), ko kuma kowane (Buck-Boost) kirkiwar da ke buƙata saboda haka.

Muhimman abubuwa:

• Ma'ada mai yawan daidai, tare da 80% zuwa 95%, musamman idan akwai damar da damar da kirkiwar mafita da karshen kirkiwa.

• Yana iya haƙa da adadin power mai yawa, yana da muhimmanci a kirkirin da suka da damar da ma'ada mai yawa.

Matsalolin:

• Tsarin kirkira mai yawan gudanar da zama, yana bukata haƙƙar da kuma debug.

• Karshen kirkiwa zai iya da ripple da noise, yana bukata filtar daidai.

• Adadin kawon kirkira mai yawa zai iya kawo electromagnetic interference (EMI).

• Tsunan Amfani: Yana da muhimmanci a kirkirin da suka da damar da ma'ada mai yawa kamar kirkirin laptop power adapters da kuma kirkirin charging systems na electric vehicle.

3. Shunt Regulator

Hukumomin da ta yi: Shunt regulator yana kawo abubuwan zama tare da kawo component (kamar Zener diode ko voltage regulator) a kan biyu bayan kirkiwar rufin da karshen kirkiwa, saboda haka ya ba da karamin kirkiwa da take daidai. Ana amfani da shi a kirkirin da suka da damar da karamin kirkiwa mai yawan gudanar da zama.

Muhimman abubuwa:

• Tsarin kirkira mai yawan gudanar da zama da kuma mai yawan gudanar da zama.

• Yana da muhimmanci a kirkirin da suka da damar da ma'ada mai yawan gudanar da zama da kuma adadin zama mai yawan gudanar da zama.

Matsalolin:

• Babu ma'ada, saboda abubuwan zama suke kawo a kan sararin jiki.

• An yi gudanar da zama a kirkirin da suka da damar da ma'ada mai yawan gudanar da zama.

• Tsunan Amfani: Yana da muhimmanci a kirkirin da suka da damar da karamin kirkiwa mai yawan gudanar da zama ko kuma kirkirin da suka da damar da ma'ada mai yawan gudanar da zama.

4. Feedback Control Circuit

Hukumomin da ta yi: Akwai wasu hukumomin kirkiwa da suke amfani da feedback control loop don hakuri karshen kirkiwa da kuma dogara da hukumomin da suke basu hukumomin da suke. Tsarin feedback tana kula karshen kirkiwa da kirkiwar rufin, an yi dogara da error signal wanda yake dogara da karshen hukumomin. Wannan system na biyu yana da muhimmanci ga accuracy da kuma response time na hukumomin.

Muhimman abubuwa:

• Yana da muhimmanci ga precision da kuma stability na hukumomin.

• Yana dogara da kusa da kuma inganci da kirkiwar mafita.

Matsalolin:

• Tsarin kirkira mai yawan gudanar da zama, yana bukata haƙƙar da kuma debug.

• Yana bukata haƙƙar da design don kawo oscillation ko instability.

• Tsunan Amfani: An amfani da shi a wasu hukumomin kirkiwa don kawo performance da kuma reliability.

5. Battery Management System (BMS)

Hukumomin da ta yi: Don kirkirin da suka da damar da battery, Battery Management System (BMS) tana hakuri parametere kamar kirkiwar battery, current, da temperature, da kuma dogara da processes na charging da kuma discharging don kawo kirkiwar battery a kan birnin da take daidai. BMS tana kawo overcharging, over-discharging, da kuma overheating, wanda ke kawo tsawon battery.

Muhimman abubuwa:

• Yana da muhimmanci ga battery da kuma kawo tsawon battery.

• Yana dogara da processes na charging da kuma discharging don kawo karamin kirkiwa da take daidai.

Matsalolin:

• An yi gudanar da zama a kirkirin da suka da damar da battery, babu wa kirkirin da suka da damar da power sources.

• Tsunan Amfani: Yana da muhimmanci a kirkirin rechargeable battery systems kamar lithium-ion batteries da kuma lead-acid batteries, an samu su a electric vehicles da kuma portable electronic devices.

6. Voltage Reference

Hukumomin da ta yi: Voltage reference yana da tsarin kirkira wanda tana ba da karamin kirkiwa da take daidai, tare da amfani da bandgap reference technology. Tana kawo high precision da kuma stability a kan adadin temperatures da kuma kirkiwar mafita.

Muhimman abubuwa:

• High precision da kuma low temperature coefficients da kuma excellent long-term stability.

• Yana da muhimmanci a kirkirin da suka da damar da high-precision voltage references.

Matsalolin:

• Typically provides only small currents, unsuitable for high-power applications.

• Tsunan Amfani: Yana da muhimmanci a kirkirin da suka da damar da high-precision voltage references, kamar ADC/DAC converters da kuma precision measurement instruments.

7. Transformer and Rectifier

Hukumomin da ta yi: A AC power systems, transformer tana dogara kirkiwar mafita zuwa karshen kirkiwa, da kuma rectifier tana dogara kirkiwar AC zuwa DC. Don kawo karamin DC output voltage, filters da kuma regulators zai iya kawo a kan rectifier.

Muhimman abubuwa:

• Yana da muhimmanci a kirkirin voltage conversion a AC power systems.

• Tsarin kirkira mai yawan gudanar da zama da kuma mai yawan gudanar da zama.

Matsalolin:

• Karshen kirkiwa yana da damar da kirkiwar mafita, yana bukata additional regulation.

• Mai yawan gudanar da zama, babu wa kirkirin da suka da damar da portable devices.

• Tsunan Amfani: Yana da muhimmanci a household appliances da kuma industrial equipment a AC power systems.

Goyakawa

Zaɓin hukumomin da za su da damar da voltage regulation yana da muhimmanci ga requirements na application, tare da power needs, efficiency, precision, cost, da kuma environmental conditions. Linear regulators yana da muhimmanci a kirkirin da suka da damar da low-noise, low-power; switching regulators yana da muhimmanci a kirkirin da suka da damar da high-efficiency, high-power; shunt regulators yana da muhimmanci a kirkirin da suka da damar da simple, low-power; feedback control circuits yana da muhimmanci ga accuracy da kuma response speed na hukumomin; battery management systems yana da muhimmanci a kirkirin da suka da damar da battery-powered systems; voltage references yana da muhimmanci a kirkirin da suka da damar da high-precision voltage references; da kuma transformers da rectifiers yana da muhimmanci a kirkirin voltage conversion a AC power systems.