Ko kowane da ya yi shawarwari na bayanin abincika mai zuba a cikin 3-Phase 4PT a cikin gwamnatin da ba suka zuba?

A cikin karkashin 10 kV da 35 kV mai ba suka yadda, hanyoyi na faduwar tafkin wata suna haɗa da adadin lafiya kadan, saboda haka akwai shawara da ya gama. A kan addinin, aiki ita ce zuwa 2 lokaci; idan hanyar ta shafi da ba a duba ba zai iya haifar da kuma harassu mazauna. Idan Nijeriyan State Grid ke neman abubuwan da za su iya bayyana hanyoyi a 110 kV da 220 kV masana tattalin arziki, amma ingantaccen bayanai su ne kadan, don haka ana bukatar dukar da ƙarin bayani daga masu aiki. Don karkashin 4PT mai uku waɗanda ba suka yadda, wannan rubutun ke nuna bayani game da hanyoyi na faduwar tafkin wata don in yi ƙarin bayani ga masu aiki, da ƙarin bayanai daga aiki.

1 Tattalin Bayanin Aikins Da Hanyoyi Na Faduwar Tafkin Wata a Karkashin Mai Ba Suka Yadda
1.1 Addimin Voltage Transformer a Lokacin Aiki

Don 10 kV bus 4PT voltage transformer (wiring: Figure 1), U_A, U_B, U_C(phase - to - ground voltages), U_L (zero - sequence voltage); U_Aa, U_Bb, U_Cc (primary winding phase voltages); U_a, U_b, U_c (secondary winding phase voltages), 3U₀ (zero - sequence voltage). Duk PT ratios:(10 kV/√3)/(57.74 V).

A lokacin aiki, an tattaune primary three - phase and zero - sequence voltages, kamar yadda aka nufin a Equation (1). Daga Equation (1), an samu secondary voltages kamar U_a= 57.74 V, U_b = 57.74V, U_c = 57.74V, and 3U₀ = 0V, wadannan suna daidaito da secondary voltages of the voltage transformer with a three - phase open - delta connection.

1.2 Addimin PT a Lokacin Hanyoyi Na Faduwar Tafkin Wata

Idan hanyar ta faduwar tafkin wata A yanzu, primary side of the voltage transformer can be equivalently represented as shown in Figure 2. Among them, the primary windings of the three - phase PT are , the zero - sequence winding impedance is , and U_A', U_B', U_C', U_L' are the phase - to - ground voltages of the three phases and the zero - sequence voltage when a phase - A grounding fault occurs, respectively.

According to the superposition theorem, it can be obtained that

According to the characteristics of the three - phase 4PT voltage transformer, the impedance of the zero - sequence winding is much larger than that of the phase winding. Then the above formula can be simplified as shown in Formula (3).

When a phase - A grounding fault occurs, the phase - to - ground voltage of phase A is 0, and the voltages of phases B and C are 10 kV. Combined with Formula (3), the phasor diagram during the single - phase grounding fault can be obtained, as shown in Figure 3.

According to the phasor diagram analysis in Figure 3, Formula (4) can be obtained. Among them, U_Aa', U_Bb', and U_Cc' are the primary winding voltages of the bus after the phase - A grounding fault, respectively.U_Aa'= U_A 10kV√3, U_Bb'= U_B 10kV√3, U_Cc' =U_C 10kV√3, U_L'=U_A = 10kV √3. Converting to the secondary side after the fault, we can get U_a' = 57.74V, U_b' = 57.74V, U_c' = 57.74V, and 3U₀' = 57.74V.

From the above analysis, in an ungrounded system, when a single - phase grounding fault occurs, the voltages of the three phases ABC are all 57.74 V, which is consistent with the normal operation situation. Only the zero - sequence voltage rises to the phase voltage, which brings great confusion to monitoring and operation and maintenance personnel. It is very difficult to judge that it is a single - phase grounding fault. Moreover, because the fault current is too small for the protection to start the protection tripping, it brings hidden dangers to the safe and stable operation of the power grid.

2 Rectification Measures

To solve the problem that, for the voltage transformer with the three - phase 4PT wiring mode, when a single - phase grounding fault occurs, the uploaded three - phase voltage remote measurement is consistent with the normal operation situation, which brings certain confusion to monitoring and operation and maintenance personnel. This paper proposes to keep the wiring mode of the primary side voltage winding of the three - phase 4PT voltage transformer unchanged and change the wiring of the secondary winding, as shown in Figure 4.

Based on the principle analyzed in Section 1.2, we can derive: U_A' = U_L' + U_Aa' = 0V, U_B' = U_L' + U_Bb' = 10kV, U_C' = U_L' + U_Cc' = 10kV. That is, the secondary voltages after the fault are U_A' = 0V, U_B' = 100 kV, U_C' = 100kV, and3U₀' = 57.74kV. From the data analyzed above, for the improved three - phase 4PT voltage transformer, during a single - phase grounding fault, the three - phase voltages are consistent with those of a single - phase fault in a three - phase four - wire system, and the zero - sequence voltage also rises to the phase voltage.

Monitoring and operation and maintenance personnel can quickly determine that a single - phase grounding fault has occurred in the 10 kV system. Combined with the small - current grounding line selection device, the relevant fault line can be removed as soon as possible.

3 Conclusion

This paper proposes a secondary winding wiring method for the three - phase 4PT voltage transformer, which can upload three - phase voltage remote measurements with the same characteristics as those of a single - phase grounding fault in an ungrounded system to the monitoring system. Thus, it is more conducive for monitoring and operation and maintenance personnel to make quick judgments, prevent the fault from worsening further, and ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid.