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What is an N Type Semiconductor?N Type Semiconductor DefinitionAn n-type semiconductor is defined as a type of semiconductor that has been doped with pentavalent impurities to increase its conductivity by adding free electrons.Before understanding what an n-type semiconductor is, we should focus on basic atomic science. Atoms aim to have eight electrons in their outermost orbit, known as valence electrons. Not all atoms achieve this, but they all strive to reach this stable configuration.The ele

What is Intrinsic Semiconductor ?Intrinsic Semiconductor DefinitionSemiconductor is a material whose conductivity lies in-between that of the conductors and the insulators. Semiconductors which are chemically pure, meaning free of impurities, are called Intrinsic Semiconductors or Undoped Semiconductor or i-type Semiconductor. The most common intrinsic semiconductors are Silicon (Si) and Germanium (Ge), which belong to Group IV of the periodic table. The atomic numbers of Si and Ge are 14 and 32

Current Density DefinitionCurrent density is defined as the electric current per unit area of a conductor’s cross-section, denoted by J.Formula for Current DensityThe current density in a metal is calculated using J = I/A, where I is the current and A is the cross-sectional area.Semiconductor Current FlowIn semiconductors, current density is due to both electrons and holes, which move in opposite directions but contribute to the same direction of current.Current Density in MetalImagine a conduct

Doping DefinitionDoping is the process of adding impurities to a semiconductor to change its conductive properties.Donor ImpuritiesDonor impurities are pentavalent atoms added to semiconductors, contributing extra free electrons, creating n-type semiconductors.N-Type SemiconductorWhen n-type or donor impurities are added to a semiconductor, the forbidden energy gap in the lattice structure narrows. Donor atoms introduce new energy levels just below the conduction band. These levels are discrete

What is the Conductivity of Semiconductor?Conductivity DefinitionThe conductivity of a semiconductor is defined as its ability to conduct electricity, which is moderate due to its intermediate free electron concentration.Role of Electrons and HolesIn semiconductors, both free electrons and holes act as charge carriers, enabling electrical conduction.Temperature EffectsConductivity of semiconductors increases with temperature because higher temperatures generate more free electrons and holes.Ener

What is Semiconductor Physics?Semiconductor Physics DefinitionSemiconductor physics is defined as the study of materials with electrical conductivity between conductors and insulators, primarily involving elements like silicon and germanium.Properties of SemiconductorsSemiconductors have moderate resistivity and a negative temperature coefficient of resistance, meaning their resistance decreases with increasing temperature.Covalent BondingThe valence electrons in semiconductor atoms take a vital

What is Silicon Semiconductor?Silicon Semiconductor DefinitionA silicon semiconductor is defined as a material that has an electrical conductivity value between that of a conductor and an insulator, and whose conductivity can be altered by introducing impurities or applying external fields or light. Silicon is the most widely used semiconductor material in modern electronics, especially in power devices, integrated circuits, photovoltaic cells, and transistors.Thermal and Electrical PropertiesSi

What is Gallium Arsenide Semiconductor?GaAs Semiconductor DefinitionA GaAs semiconductor is defined as a compound of gallium and arsenic from the III-V group, used in various electronic and optoelectronic devices. Direct Band GapGaAs has a direct band gap of 1.424 eV at 300 K, enabling it to emit light, essential for LEDs, laser diodes, and solar cells.Preparation of GaAs semiconductorThere are several methods for producing GaAs semiconductors, depending on the desired purity, quality, and appli

This paper presents the open-source Python-based parameter extractor (SEKV-E) for the simplified EKV (sEKV) model, which enables the modern low-power circuit designs with the inversion coefficient design methodology. The tool extracts the essential sEKV parameters automatically from the given I - V curves using the direct extraction and the multi-stage optimization process. It also handles the overfitting issue because of non-linear least squares. Moreover, this work demonstrates t

This paper reviews and analyses the design of popular radio frequency energy harvesting systems and proposes a method to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze their circuit architectures using new square-wave approximation method. This approach helps in simplifying design analysis. Using this analysis, we can establish no load output voltage characteristics, upper limit on rectifier efficiency, and maximum power characteristics of a rectifier. This paper will help guide the design of RF energ