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Materials are the part of our life and daily works since ancient time. Materials are the primary part of all things surrounding us. In fact some materials have given the name to various ages in human history i.e. Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Synthetic Materials Age, Smart Materials Age. The study of these materials is called the Material Science.Material science is associated with the study of composition, structure, characterization, processing, properties, application and performance of va

An electrical conductor is a material that allows electric charge to flow through it with little resistance. Electrical conductors are usually metals, such as copper, silver, gold, aluminum, and iron. They have many free electrons that can move easily when an electric field is applied. Electrical conductors are used for making wires, cables, circuits, and other devices that carry electric current.What is an Electrical Conductor?An electrical conductor is defined as an object or type of material

A low resistivity or high conductivity material is defined as a material that allows electric current to flow easily through it. These materials are very useful in electrical engineering for manufacturing electrical machines, equipment, and devices. They are also used as conductors for all kinds of windings required in electrical machines, apparatus, and devices. Moreover, they are used as conductors in transmission and distribution of electrical energy.Properties of Low Resistivity or High Cond

An electrical conductor is a material that allows electric charges to move through it easily when subjected to a potential difference. Electrical conductors are essential for many applications, such as wiring, transmission lines, electrical machines, heating elements, electrostatic shielding, and more. In this article, we will explore the properties of electrical conductors, their types, examples, and applications.What is an Electrical Conductor?An electrical conductor is defined as a material t

For understanding the hard magnetic materials, we have to know certain terms. They are as follows: Coercivity:The capability of aferromagnetic materialto hold up (resist) a peripheralmagnetic fieldwithout getting demagnetized. Retentivity (Br):It is the amount of magnetism that a ferromagnetic material can maintain even after themagnetic fieldis decreased to zero. Permeability:It is used to determine how a material reacts to the applied magnetic field. Magnetic materials are mainly classified (b

What are Ferroelectric Materials?Ferroelectric materials are materials that exhibit Ferroelectricity. Ferroelectricity is the ability of the material to have a spontaneous electric polarization. This polarization can be reversed by the application of an external electric field in the opposite direction (figure 1 below). Ferroelectricity (and hence Ferroelectric materials) was discovered by Rochelle salt by Valasek in 1921.The reversal of polarity of a ferroelectric material via the application o

First of all we need to keep certain points in mind before defining the soft magnetic materials. Remanent Induction:It is actually the value of induction which residue, once the material is magnetized and then the magnetizing field is decreased to zero. It is denoted by Br. Coercive Force:It is the amount of negativemagnetic fieldwhich is essential to decrease the remanent induction to zero. It is denoted by Hc. The total area of thehysteresis loop= the energy which is dissipated when a material

The addition of silicon(Si) in iron(Fe) in right proportions with the help of certain manufacturing process significantly improves the magnetic and electrical properties of iron. By the end of 19th century, it was discovered that the addition of silicon to iron significantly improves the resistivity of iron and so silicon steel or what we know today as electrical steel was developed. It not only brought down the eddy current losses in steel, but significant improvement in magnetic permeability a

The superconducting material shows some extraordinary properties which make them very important for modern technology. The research is still going on to understand and utilise these extraordinary properties of superconductors in various fields of technology. Such properties of superconductors are listed below- ZeroElectric Resistance(Infinite Conductivity) Meissner Effect: Expulsion ofmagnetic field Critical Temperature/Transition Temperature Critical Magnetic Field Persistent Currents Josephson

Superconductivity was discovered by Dutch Physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in 1911 in Leiden. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1913 for his low-temperature research. Some materials when they are cooled, below certain temperature their resistivity get abolished means they exhibit the infinite conductivity.The property / phenomenon of infinite conductivity in materials is calledsuperconductivity.The temperature at which the metals change from normal conducting state to superconducting