Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

Nominal voltage (NV) is a vital aspect of electrical systems, serving as a reference point for designing, manufacturing, and testing equipment. In addition, it influences electrical systems' performance, efficiency, and safety, with voltage regulation ensuring that voltage (V) levels remain within acceptable tolerances. Understanding the differences between nominal voltage, operating voltage (OV), and rated voltage (RV) is crucial for professionals and enthusiasts to ensure the effective operati

As due to influence of external electric field the center of nucleus and center of electrons cloud are separated, there will be an attraction force developed between them according to Coulomb’s law. Say, at the distance of separation of center of nucleus and electron cloud, x, the equilibrium is established. That means at distance of separation x, the forces acting on the nucleus or electron cloud due to external electric field and due to Coulomb law become same and opposite. It is obvious that

Before discussing Orientational polarization, let us examine the structural details of some molecules. Let us take an oxygen molecule. A single oxygen atom has only 6 electrons on its outermost cell. One oxygen atom creates the double covalent bond with another oxygen atom and creates an oxygen molecule. In an oxygen molecule, the distance between the centers of the nucleus of two atoms is 121 Pico-metre. But there is no permanent or resultant dipole moment as both ends of the molecules are equa

Ionic PolarizationBefore understanding what ionic polarization let is us observe how a sodium chloride (NaCl) molecule is formed. Sodium chloride (NaCl) molecule is formed by ionic bond between sodium and chlorine atoms. The sodium atom gives up one electron to get eight electrons in its outer most orbits. In this way the sodium atom becomes positive ion. On the other hand chlorine atom takes one electron to make eight electrons it its outermost orbits and becomes negative ion. Now due to electr

First of all we have to know the definition of polarization before entering into mechanism. Polarization is actually the alignment of the dipole moments of the fixed or induced dipole in the direction of the peripheral electric field. The mechanism of polarization deals with how a molecule or atom is reacting to a peripheral electric field. Simply we can say that it leads to the positioning of dipoles.There are fundamentally four divisions of polarization mechanisms. They are Electronic polariza

A dielectric material is defined as an electrical insulator that can be polarized by an applied electric field. This means that when a dielectric material is placed in an electric field, it does not allow electric charges to flow through it, but instead, it aligns its internal electric dipoles (pairs of opposite charges) in the direction of the field. This alignment reduces the overall electric field within the dielectric material and increases the capacitance of a capacitor that uses it. How do

Materials are the part of our life and daily works since ancient time. Materials are the primary part of all things surrounding us. In fact some materials have given the name to various ages in human history i.e. Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Synthetic Materials Age, Smart Materials Age. The study of these materials is called the Material Science.Material science is associated with the study of composition, structure, characterization, processing, properties, application and performance of va

An electrical conductor is a material that allows electric charge to flow through it with little resistance. Electrical conductors are usually metals, such as copper, silver, gold, aluminum, and iron. They have many free electrons that can move easily when an electric field is applied. Electrical conductors are used for making wires, cables, circuits, and other devices that carry electric current.What is an Electrical Conductor?An electrical conductor is defined as an object or type of material

A low resistivity or high conductivity material is defined as a material that allows electric current to flow easily through it. These materials are very useful in electrical engineering for manufacturing electrical machines, equipment, and devices. They are also used as conductors for all kinds of windings required in electrical machines, apparatus, and devices. Moreover, they are used as conductors in transmission and distribution of electrical energy.Properties of Low Resistivity or High Cond

An electrical conductor is a material that allows electric charges to move through it easily when subjected to a potential difference. Electrical conductors are essential for many applications, such as wiring, transmission lines, electrical machines, heating elements, electrostatic shielding, and more. In this article, we will explore the properties of electrical conductors, their types, examples, and applications.What is an Electrical Conductor?An electrical conductor is defined as a material t