Kontrolloci na Reclosers: Yadda a Gaya Zan Iya Amincewa da Smart Grid

Kwakwalwa, kwayoyi da kuma ballonai na Mylar suna iya kawo gajarta cikin hanyoyin kuli. Saboda haka, masu kula su taimaka wajen kare yawan kuli da kula a fadada kulan da suke biyayya a fadada kulan da suke biyayya da mafi inganci.

A nan bincike mai girma, ma'aikata kula suka taka muhimmanci a fadada kula wajen tabbatar da kuma kare yawan kula. Idan kowane abubuwan da suka haifar da kula a kan hanyoyin kuli ke iya kawo gajarta, ma'aikata kula ke taimaka wajen sake bayar kula ba a lokacin da yake faruwa mai tsabta.

Ma'aikata kula take nuna voltaji da kuli na AC a kan hanyoyin kuli. Idan yana faruwa ko kula, relays ke bukatar don kare yawan kula kuma kare shi ne a fadada kula—wannan yana nufin kula ta zama a fadada kula. Idan yawan kula ya faru saboda abubuwan da suka haifar da kula—kamar kwakwalwa, kwayoyi, ko ballonai (kamar yadda aka bayar)—kowace kowane wani daga cikinsu ke iya kawo gajarta a kan hanyoyin kuli. Ma'aikata kula ke daɗe na nuna hanyoyin kuli, idan voltaji da kuli na AC ke zama mai kyau, za a iya sake buƙata ko "sake buƙata" relay. Ba a buƙatar, idan an samun voltaji mai yawa, kuli mai yawa, ko kula, relays ke bukatar sance. Ma'aikata kula ke karɓe sake buƙata relays dari biyu zuwa biyar. Amma shine wajen taimaka wajen ci gaba a fadada kula.

Saboda nan ma'aikata kula suna da muhimmanci?

Ma'aikata kula suna da muhimman tasiri:

• Nuna hanyoyin kuli, sama da uku voltaji, uku kuli, daya ko biyu grounds, da kuma har da kungiyar. Inganci ita ce muhimmi, musamman wajen nuna abubuwan da suka haifar da kula.

• Isolation ita ce muhimmi. Isolation ana amfani a matsayin sahihi da kuma kusa a fadada kula don taimaka wajen ci gaban da kuma kare ayyukan elektroniki. Isolation ita ce muhimmi a kofin hukumomin, da kuma an buƙaci a yi amsa da isolation.

• Duka ayyukan kula da AC da kuma DC. Bisa ga, ayyukan ke da battali saboda ya kamata a duba a lokacin da yake faruwa mai tsabta.

• Hukumomin ita ce muhimmi don ma'aikata kula, saboda ayyukan suna da kyau a hukumi a fadada kula. Dukkan ayyukan da suke amfani a matsayin wireless ko power-line communication networks. Ayyukan kamar ma'aikata kula suna da kyau a hukumi a matsayin serial communication, kamar RS-485, wanda ake hukumi a matsayin protocol na wireless da ake zaba.

Analog building blocks for recloser controllers

Gargadi ayyukan ma'aikata kula na da muhimman analog building blocks. Diagrammai a cikin Figure 1 tana bayar wani misal na gargadin ayyukan ma'aikata kula. Kafin ka san, akwai duka ayyukan kula, hukumomin, nuna voltaji, da kuma ayyukan superisory. Me kuke zaba abubuwan da suka da kyau? Inganci, faɗa ingantaccen voltaji, kula mai yawa, da kuma hoton da ke da kyau suna da muhimmanci don taimaka wajen ci gaban da suka zaba. MAX16126/MAX16127 load-dump/reverse-voltage protection circuits suna da muhimman tasiri wadanda suka taimaka wajen ci gaban da suka zaba. 

Wannan ICs suna da integrated charge pump, wanda suke kontrola biyu external back-to-back N-channel MOSFETs, wanda suke bukatar don kare da kuma isolate downstream power supply a lokacin da yake faruwa mai tsabta. Suna da flag output wanda suke nuna a lokacin da yake faruwa. Don reverse-voltage protection, external back-to-back MOSFETs suna da kyau wajen kare voltage drop da kuma kula mai yawa a lokacin da yake faruwa, wanda suke da kyau a matsayin traditional reverse-battery diodes. Wani reliable, low-power microprocessor supervisor shine MAX6365 family, wanda suke da backup battery and chip-enable gating functionality. 

MAX6365 supervisory circuit, wanda yake kunshi a miniature 8-pin SOT23 package, take ci gaban da power-supervision, battery-backup control, da kuma memory write-protection functions a nan microprocessor systems. Don always-on applications kamar ma'aikata kula, low quiescent-current MAX6766 linear regulator ke da kyau. MAX6766 ke yi wa 4V zuwa 72V, ke bayar da up to 100mA of load current, da kuma ke consume only 31µA of quiescent current.

Smart grids suna taimaka wajen ci gaban da adadin kula, da kuma taimaka wajen ci gaban da resilience na ayyukan kula. Saboda haka, idan kake zaba ayyukan ma'aikata kula minkanta, kara damar ayyukan da suke da kyau don taimaka wajen ci gaban da suka zaba.