Electrical Engineering Guides

Basic

What is Mutually Induced EMF？

Definition of Mutually Induced EMF Definition: The electromotive force (EMF) induced in a coil due to the change in magnetic flux produced by a neighboring coil linked to it is termed mutually induced EMF. To understand this phenomenon, consider the following example: Take coil AB where coil B, havi

By Edwiin 05/29, 2025
Basic

Leakage Flux And Fringing

Leakage Flux and Fringing Effect Analysis Definition : Leakage flux refers to the magnetic flux that deviates from the intended path in a magnetic circuit. This can be illustrated using a solenoid to distinguish between leakage flux and fringing effect: When current passes through a solenoid, most f

By Edwiin 05/28, 2025
Basic

Parallel Magnetic Circuit

Definition of Parallel Magnetic Circuit A parallel magnetic circuit is defined as a magnetic pathway with two or more branches for magnetic flux, analogous to a parallel electric circuit. Such circuits feature multiple flux paths with varying cross-sectional areas and materials, each potentially com

By Edwiin 05/28, 2025
Basic

EMF Equation of a Transformer

Background of Transformer EMF Equation Derivation When a sinusoidal voltage is applied to the transformer's primary winding, an alternating flux ϕ m is induced in the iron core. This sinusoidal flux links both primary and secondary windings, with its functional form described by a sine function. Mat

By Edwiin 05/28, 2025
Basic

Resistance and Reactance of the Transformer

Transformer Resistance and Reactance Representation Resistance Definition The resistance of a transformer refers to the internal resistance of its primary and secondary windings, denoted as R 1 and R 2 . Corresponding reactances are X 1 and X 2 , with K representing the transformation ratio. To simp

By Edwiin 05/28, 2025
Basic

Peak Value, Average Value and RMS Value

Definition of Peak Value The peak value of an alternating quantity refers to the maximum magnitude it reaches within one cycle. Also known as the maximum value, amplitude, or crest value, this parameter for a sinusoidal quantity occurs at 90 degrees, as illustrated in the figure below. Peak values o

By Edwiin 05/27, 2025
Basic

Star Connection in a 3 Phase System

Star Connection in Three-Phase Systems In a star (Y) connection, the similar ends (either starts or finishes) of the three windings are joined at a common point called the star or neutral point. The three line conductors extend from the remaining free terminals to form the phase connections. For a t

By Edwiin 05/27, 2025
Basic

Plugging or Reverse Current Braking

Plugging (Reverse Current Braking) in DC Motors In plugging (reverse current braking), the armature terminals or supply polarity of a separately excited or shunt motor is reversed while the motor is running. This causes the supply voltage V and the induced back EMF E b to act in the same direction.

By Edwiin 05/27, 2025
Basic

What is a Coil Span Factor?

Coil Span Factor (Pitch Factor) Definition and Characteristics Definition of Pitch Factor (Kₙ) The coil span factor (also known as the chording factor) Kₙ is defined as the ratio of the induced voltage in a short-pitched coil to that in a full-pitched coil. The distance between the two sides of a co

By Edwiin 05/27, 2025
Basic

Synchronous Reactance and Synchronous Impedance

Synchronous Reactance and Impedance Principles Synchronous reactance (Xₛ) is an imaginary reactance used to represent voltage effects in the armature circuit, arising from both the actual armature leakage reactance and air gap flux variations due to armature reaction. Similarly, synchronous impedanc

By Edwiin 05/26, 2025
Basic

Flux Linkage Equation

The Constant Flux Linkage Principle in Alternator Transients The constant flux linkage concept is fundamental to analyzing alternator transients. It states: In a closed circuit with zero resistance and capacitance, flux linkages remain unchanged following a sudden disturbance, preserving their pre-d

By Edwiin 05/26, 2025
Basic

What is Insulation Co-ordination？

Definition : Insulation coordination refers to the process of determining the insulation levels of power system components. In essence, it is about establishing the insulation strength of equipment. The internal and external insulation of electrical equipment is subjected to both continuous normal v

By Edwiin 05/21, 2025

Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

All

What is Mutually Induced EMF？

Leakage Flux And Fringing

Parallel Magnetic Circuit

EMF Equation of a Transformer

Resistance and Reactance of the Transformer

Peak Value, Average Value and RMS Value

Star Connection in a 3 Phase System

Plugging or Reverse Current Braking

What is a Coil Span Factor?

Synchronous Reactance and Synchronous Impedance

Flux Linkage Equation

What is Insulation Co-ordination？

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