Il-Ġenra u l-Applikazzjoni ta’ Miniaturizzata Substazzjoni Prefabbrikata Ħilgha

Flieġ il-bini taċ-ċittajiet smart, il-rież distributiv urban jiġi maħsul u rinnovat konstantement, u l-proġett tal-fil ġewwa tal-kabli fil-ġoljiet qed jproġedi b'stabilità. Ħafna linji erġenti 10 kV qed ikunu sustitwiti b'kabli għal-fil ġewwa. Fis-sitwa attwali bħal spazju limitat fuq xi tariji urbani u penja ta' postijiet għall-installazzjoni tat-tħabbat, is-sodisfa magħmula hija akbar għas-silġ, struttura, u prestażjoni tas-sottostanzjonijiet prefabbrikati tradizzjonali.

Bazza sull-applikazzjoni tas-sottostanzjonijiet prefabbrikati tradizzjonali, dan l-artiklu jagħmel riċerka u analisi u idejża sottostanzjonju prefabbrikat miniaturizzat, intelliġenti, u landskap. Dan is-sottostanzjonju prefabbrikat jgħaddi struttura kompakta, prestazzjoni stabbili, fortiż praktika, u azzurrità ta' fornitu tal-enerġija alta. Jista' jgħadu l-użu intensiv tas-spazju urban centrali, jagħmel armonija u unità mal-ambjent ħawwieġ, u jista' jiġi applikat ampiament fl-upgrades u rinnovazzjonijiet tal-rież distributiv urban.

1 Id-disinn estern tas-sottostanzjonju prefabbrikat miniaturizzat intelliġenti

Fissir rikjesti bħal lokazzjoni ġeografika, użu tas-spazju, u limiti ambjentali, is-sottostanzjonju prefabbrikat miniaturizzat intelliġenti adopra disposizzjoni lunga u daxxa. Is-silġ tiegħu huwa biss tersilġ tas-sottostanzjonju prefabbrikat orixinali. Il-kasament (inkludend it-topp, it-twel, it-taħt, u l-komponenti metali interni) u l-attrezzatura huma fardati minn acciaju inossidabile 304, mentri l-interior uża pjaneti SGCC hot-dip galvanizzati, u matierali termoizolanti u anti-incendi ġew żiduti fis-silġ ħammiem. Is-silġ estern huwa dipint bl-aħmar skur, li huwa estetiku u ambientali.

Il-kasament għandu forza mekanika sufficjenti u performanżi antisismiku biex jassigura li ma jkunx maħdum jew deformat waqt it-tasport, installazzjoni, u sollevament. It-topp tal-kasament adopra struttura "herringbone" b'gradi 5°. Huwa struttura bil-floku mbidla li għandha l-effett ta' isolament mid-radjarju tas-silġ. Huwa marmurru b'eaves anti-backflow u kanali ventilazzjoni, u it-topp tal-kasament huwa separabbli. It-twel tal-kasament huma struttura bolt anti-ladrun bil-floku mbidla u jifftu allura. It-taħt tal-kasament huwa hot-dip galvanizzat u mmessieg seamless mal-kasament. Jkun hemm manhole fit-taħt, u strips sigillanti huma installati għal darbhom. Dispositivi ta' sigill tal-kabli anti-incendi huma disponibbli fuq id-dak li huma sew, b'sigill ta' għarba u provvedimenti kumpluti ta' protezzjoni mill-umidità.

Kulħadd minn parti mmalga u l-għaqdan tal-komponenti esterni tas-sottostanzjonju prefabbrikat miniaturizzat intelliġenti huma sigillati b'perfezzjoni, u huwa għandu karatteristiċi ta' resistanza għall-ilma, pulvis, korrozzjoni, u radijazzjoni ultravioletta. Huwa estetiku u ambientali. Senza l-beżogn ta' manutenzjoni, l-azzurr tal-ħelu normali tiegħu tista' tagħmil sa 40 sena.

2 Struttura u funzjonaliżtas tas-sottostanzjonju prefabbrikat miniaturizzat intelliġenti
2.1 Disinn struttural

Is-struttura tas-sottostanzjonju prefabbrikat miniaturizzat intelliġenti hi sempliċi. L-interior tal-kasament huwa diviż fi sitt kammer funzjonali prinċipali: il-kamra tal-transformator, il-kamra tal-voltiġgi alti, il-kamra tal-voltiġgi bassi, il-kamra tal-avtomatizzazzjoni, il-kamra tal-komunikazzjoni, u l-kamra tal-kollezzjoni tal-konsum. Dawn il-kammat funzjonali huma separati totalment mill-baħar u disposti f'forma "occhiata".

Dan is-sottostanzjonju jista' jkun hemm twel fuq l-erbatax, jiġi soddisfat ir-rikjesti ta' twel mit-tlieta erbatax għal manutenzjoni. Il-twiel protettivi tal-kamra tal-voltiġġi alti u bassi huma armati b'interlocks mekanika biex jiġi assigurat li l-twiel tal-kamra tal-voltiġġi alti jista' jfut tikka meta l-twiel tal-kamra tal-voltiġġi bassi huwa mitfut. Kull kamra funzjonali adopra metodu naturali indipendenti ta' ventilazzjoni biex isoddisfa r-rekwiżiti ta' temperatura u umidità għal kull imbuttar elektriku. Meta neċessarju, jistgħu jiġu żiduti heater, dehumidifiers, u l-iktar eqwippament biex jissiguraw operazzjoni sigura u affidabbli barra.

Il-komponenti prinċipali ta' dan is-sottostanzjonju inkluudu: transformaturi oil-immersed, 10 kV ring main unit low-voltage plastic shell air switches (fil-voltiġġi bassi) sigillati b'gas SF6, standard emergency power supply quick interfaces (fil-low-voltage busbar side), insieme a station terminal units, general meters, concentrators, intelligent configuration terminals, optical fiber communication terminals, etc.

2.2 Disinn tal-kamrat funzjonali

(1) Kamra tal-Transformatur. Il-kamra tal-Transformatur inkludiva l-Transformatur, radiatori, busbar wiring, u safety protection nets, etc. Il-Transformatur huwa first-level energy efficiency fully sealed silicon steel sheet or amorphous alloy oil-immersed distribution transformer. Il-voltiġġi alti huwa equipped with prefabricated pluggable cable heads, u l-low-voltage bushings huma equipped with insulation protection sleeves. Il-capacity tista' tkun selezzjonata bħala 500 kV·A jew 630 kV·A.

(2) Kamra tal-Voltiġġi Aħtan. Il-kamra tal-Voltiġġi Aħtan hi composed of 10 kV ring main units, li huma divided into incoming line and outgoing line unit cabinets, u l-erbgħa huma independently enclosed. Il-ring main unit huwa fully insulated and common box structure, using SF6 gas for arc extinguishing and insulation. Il-gas box huwa equipped with a gas pressure display device with a normally open alarm auxiliary node. Il-gas box u l-cabinet body huma made of 304 stainless steel u high-quality aluminum-clad zinc plate materials respectively, u l-surface tal-cabinet body adopts an electrostatic epoxy spraying process.

Il-unit cabinet huwa divided into a secondary room, a load switch room, u a cable room from top to bottom. Il-secondary compartment huwa located at the upper part tal-unit cabinet. Il-panel tal-compartment huwa equipped with on-off switches, on-off indicator lights, remote/local transfer switches, as well as fault and live indicators, etc. Il-load switch unit tal-unit cabinet generally selects a combined electrical appliance of a load switch and a current-limiting fuse. Among them, il-load switch can break il-specified load current u il-transfer current when a fault occurs on the low-voltage side of the transformer; il-current-limiting fuse can cut off various phase-to-phase, grounding short-circuit currents, u overload currents.

Il-load switch can achieve opening, closing, u grounding through electric and manual operations, u l-operazzjoni hi simple u convenient. Il-load switch unit u il-grounding switch unit have a reliable "five-prevention" interlocking function. Il-cable room tal-unit cabinet mainly uses il-high-voltage cable trench for incoming and outgoing lines from underground. Il-positions tal-incoming u outgoing cable terminals huma convenient for installation, u an open-type high-voltage current transformer huwa installed.

(3) Kamra tal-Voltiġġi Bassi. Il-kamra tal-Voltiġġi Bassi hi mainly composed of low-voltage switchgear, emergency power supply compartments, u manholes, etc. Il-color tal-low-voltage cabinet body huwa the same as that of the high-voltage cabinet, using RAL7035. A pluggable digital multi-functional meter huwa installed on the panel tal-low-voltage cabinet, which can display voltage and current u supports RS-485 communication. Il-low-voltage outgoing lines use 4-circuit zero-flying-arc plastic shell air switches. Il-low-voltage side huwa provided with a neutral line u a ground line, both of which are arranged at the bottom tal-low-voltage cabinet.

Il-low-voltage busbar tal-transformator huwa introduced into the low-voltage switchgear from the emergency power supply compartment, designed to be detachable. After wiring conversion, it becomes a low-voltage feeder to the outgoing cable at the bottom tal-low-voltage cabinet. Il-numru tal-output circuits tista' jkun flexibly designed according to requirements. Il-emergency power supply compartment għandu operation instructions, u l-manhole huwa convenient for manual maintenance.

(4) Kamra tal-Avtomatizzazzjoni. Il-prefabricated substation huwa equipped with an independent automation room, in which il-distribuzione automatika terminal (DTU) monitors u controls il-condizioni operativi tal-10 kV incoming u outgoing line circuits, achieving functions such as remote measurement, remote signaling, remote control, u remote adjustment. Il-DTU preferentially uses mains power for power supply. When there are no conditions for mains power supply, it uses a potential transformer for power supply u uses a supporting storage battery as a backup power source.

It has a built-in power management module, which can meet the output of AC220V u DC24V u provides an AC220V alternating current power source for the electric operation mechanism tal-ring main unit.Il-DTU supports multiple communication methods u communication protocols, u has 2 RS-485 serial interfaces u 2 network interfaces (RJ45), which are compatible with protocols such as IEC101, IEC104, u CDT; il-DTU is installed as a whole in a wall-mounted cabinet, using an aviation plug, which is convenient for on-site disassembly, installation, u maintenance, u can meet the space layout requirements of a set of terminals u backup power sources.

(5) Kamra tal-Komunikazzjoni. Il-prefabricated substation huwa equipped with an independent communication room, which is internally configured with an optical distribution frame, an industrial Ethernet switch, u an optical network unit, u reserves il-wiring slots u incoming u outgoing holes for communication optical cables, pigtails, u power cables. This room can transmit il-monitoring data inside the prefabricated substation to the intelligent monitoring platform, so as to monitor its operating status u data in real time.

(6) Kamra tal-Kollezzjoni tal-Konsum. Il-kamra tal-kollezzjoni tal-konsum huwa located above the communication room. It is equipped with installation positions for intelligent distribution transformer terminals, concentrators, u general meters of the transformer area, as well as installation spaces for terminal blocks u combined wiring test boxes, u reserves il-wiring slots u incoming u outgoing holes for sampling signals u communication cables.

This room is responsible for measuring various operating parameters tal-prefabricated substation u is the communication hub of electric energy data. On the one hand, it collects u stores the electric energy data output in the form of serial communication by digital electric energy meters. On the other hand, it transmits the collected electric energy data to the upper computer tal-main station tal-electric energy billing automation system through the upstream channel.

2.3 Disinn tal-Grounding Device

Il-grounding electrode tal-miniaturized intelligent prefabricated substation uses a galvanized iron pipe. Il-grounding busbar tal-channel steel base huwa provided with 2 copper grounding terminals connected to the grounding electrode, with an electrical contact cross-sectional area of 160 mm² u obvious signs. Il-low-voltage neutral line tal-transformer huwa directly connected to the grounding body. Among them, il-transformer room, high-voltage room, u low-voltage room huma connected to each other using grounding terminals.

Il-secondary safety grounding wires tal-elettriku equipment huma added with transparent protective sleeves, u l-copper wires huwa a cross-sectional area of 4 mm²; all cabinet doors, metal parts, u metal frames huma continuously u reliably connected to the ground. Il-external grounding grid tal-foundation huwa introduced into the bottom tal-prefabricated substation from the inner side tal-foundation u connected to the grounding terminals in the station, using a direct burial method. Il-grounding resistance tal-prefabricated substation huwa not greater than 1 Ω.

3 Rekwiżiti Tekniċi tas-Sottostanzjonju Prefabbrikat Miniaturizzat Intelliġenti
3.1 Prinċipju Elettriċi

Il-miniaturized intelligent prefabricated substation huwa suitable for the distribution network tal-10/0.4 kV three-phase AC system. It integrates high-voltage switchgear, distribution transformers, u low-voltage distribution devices according to a specific wiring scheme. Il-voltiġġi alti huwa adopts a single busbar wiring, with two incoming lines u one outgoing line. A fuse protection huwa set on the transformer side. After being transformed by the distribution transformer, il-low-voltage busbar tista' tkun designed with 4 low-voltage feeder lines according to needs, u no low-voltage main switch huwa set.

3.2 Posti Applicabbli

Din il-miniaturized intelligent prefabricated substation huwa widely applicable to outdoor places such as urban distribution network renovation, residential communities, factories u enterprises, commercial office buildings, business districts, public green areas, cultural protection areas, u parks.

3.3 Kondizzjonijiet Ambientali għal Użu

• Altitude: not exceeding 1,000 m.

•  Ambient temperature: il-leġġest hu -25 °C, il-alt hu 45 °C; il-alt annual average temperature does not exceed 20 °C, u il-alt monthly average temperature does not exceed 35 °C.

• Relative humidity: fl-20 °C, il-alt monthly average does not exceed 90%, u il-alt daily average does not exceed 95%.

• Seismic resistance: il-ground horizontal acceleration does not exceed 0.2 g (g represents the acceleration due to gravity), u il-ground vertical acceleration hu 0.1 g.

• Sunshine intensity: meta l-wind speed hu 0.5 m·s⁻¹, il-solar radiation intensity does not exceed 0.1 W·cm⁻².

• Maximum ice coating thickness: 10 mm.

•  Pollution level: not exceeding level III

• Ground inclination: not greater than 3°.

• Installation location: outdoor, without explosion hazards, fires, chemical corrosion, u severe vibrations.

If it does not conform to the above normal environmental conditions for use, it needs to be negotiated u resolved between the user u the manufacturer.

4 Prototype Acceptance tal-Miniaturized Intelligent Prefabricated Substation

Il-miniaturized intelligent prefabricated substation was prototyped by Jiangsu Qihou Intelligent Electrical Equipment Co., Ltd. Il-Quality Inspection Center for High-Voltage Transmission u Distribution Equipment tal-Machinery Industry conducted tests on the main components according to relevant national standards u industry standards, u l-esultati tal-test huwa qualified. Il-State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Company conducted a comprehensive acceptance tal-size, appearance, u performance ta' din il-prototip, u l-esultati tal-acceptance huwa qualified.

5 Conclusion

Il-miniaturized intelligent prefabricated substation developed in this article integrates the advantages of existing prefabricated substations at home u abroad. It has the advantages of a simple structure, a small footprint, safety u reliability, beauty u environmental protection, exemption from inspection u maintenance, u low maintenance requirements. It has important promotional u application value in the construction u renovation of urban distribution networks.