Tambayar da Inkakarwa na Miniaturized Intelligent Prefabricated Substation

Wannan yakin da shiga cikin birnin da ke faruwa, tushen karamin kabeli na birni ya zama mai karfi da kula, kuma abubuwan da suka faruwa masu karamin kabeli na hawa suna faruwa ta hanyar. Yawan karamin kabeli na hawa na 10 kV ana canzawa da kabeli na gari. Saboda hakan, amma da yawan wuraren da ke faruwa a wasu tarihin birnin da kuma sauran wurare da ke bukatar don kafa tushen karamin kabeli, an yi kyau wajen kafuwar tushen karamin kabeli na biyu.

A nan, a kan yadda ake amfani da tushen karamin kabeli na biyu, wannan takarda ya yi bincike da tafiya, kuma ya kawo siffar da karamin kabeli na biyu mai kyakkyawan, mai sarauta da mai fushi. Wannan karamin kabeli na biyu na da muhimmanci, tushen da ke dace, da ma'ana da kuma ingantaccen sarrafa karamin kabeli. Zan iya amfani da tushen birnin da ke faruwa, don in ba da damar da al'adun da ke faruwa, kuma zai iya amfani da ita a wasu tushen birnin da ke faruwa.

1 Kyakkyawan Sarauta da Karamin Kabeli na Biyu Mai Kyakkyawan, Mai Sarauta da Mai Fushi

Saboda bukatar da aka fi siffar da tushen birnin, da kuma yadda ake amfani da wuraren da ke faruwa, da kuma yadda ake bukatar don kafa tushen karamin kabeli, karamin kabeli na biyu na amfani da tushen duk da ke fitar. Mutanen karamin kabeli na biyu na da yawan biyar da ke biyar ranar, da kuma tushen da ke dace. Karamin kabeli na biyu na amfani da 304 stainless steel, kuma karamin kabeli na biyu na amfani da SGCC hot-dip galvanized thin steel plates, da kuma abubuwan da suka kula da karamin kabeli na biyu. Karamin kabeli na biyu na da kyau, da kuma yadda ake amfani da ita a kan al'adun da ke faruwa.

Karamin kabeli na biyu na da muhimmanci, tushen da ke dace, da kuma yadda ake amfani da ita a kan al'adun da ke faruwa. Karamin kabeli na biyu na amfani da "herringbone" structure, da kuma yadda ake kula da karamin kabeli na biyu. An samu anti-backflow eaves da kuma ventilation duct, kuma karamin kabeli na biyu na iya kula da karamin kabeli na biyu. Karamin kabeli na biyu na amfani da double-layer anti-theft bolt structure, da kuma karamin kabeli na biyu na iya kula da karamin kabeli na biyu. Karamin kabeli na biyu na amfani da hot-dip galvanized, da kuma karamin kabeli na biyu na iya kula da karamin kabeli na biyu. Karamin kabeli na biyu na da manhole, da kuma sealing strips, da kuma cable sealing devices.

Duk welding parts da kuma joints of external components of the miniaturized intelligent prefabricated substation na da kyau, da kuma yadda ake amfani da ita a kan al'adun da ke faruwa. Ba a tabbataccen karamin kabeli na biyu, za a iya amfani da ita zuwa shekaru 40.

2 Tushen da Karamin Kabeli na Biyu Mai Kyakkyawan, Mai Sarauta da Mai Fushi
2.1 Structural Layout Design

Tushen karamin kabeli na biyu mai kyakkyawan, mai sarauta da mai fushi na da tushen duk da ke fitar. Karamin kabeli na biyu na amfani da six main functional rooms: transformer room, high-voltage room, low-voltage room, automation room, communication room, and power consumption collection room. Waɗannan functional rooms na da kyau, da kuma yadda ake amfani da ita a kan al'adun da ke faruwa.

Karamin kabeli na biyu na iya amfani da doors on all four sides, kuma an samu mechanical interlocks don high-voltage room da low-voltage room. Duk functional rooms na amfani da independent natural ventilation method, don in ba da damar da al'adun da ke faruwa. Idan an buƙata, an samu heaters, dehumidifiers, da sauransu don in ba da damar da al'adun da ke faruwa.

Waɗannan karamin kabeli na biyu sun hada da: oil-immersed transformers, 10 kV ring main unit low-voltage plastic shell air switches (on the low-voltage side) sealed with SF6 gas, standardized emergency power supply quick interfaces (on the low-voltage busbar side), as well as station terminal units, general meters, concentrators, intelligent configuration terminals, optical fiber communication terminals, etc.

2.2 Design of Functional Rooms

(1) Transformer Room. Transformer room na amfani da transformers, radiators, busbar wiring, and safety protection nets, etc. Transformer na amfani da first-level energy efficiency fully sealed silicon steel sheet or amorphous alloy oil-immersed distribution transformer. High-voltage side na amfani da prefabricated pluggable cable heads, and the low-voltage bushings na amfani da insulation protection sleeves. Capacity na iya zama 500 kV·A ko 630 kV·A.

(2) High-Voltage Room. High-voltage room na amfani da 10 kV ring main units, which are divided into incoming line and outgoing line unit cabinets, and the two are independently enclosed. Ring main unit na amfani da fully insulated and common box structure, using SF6 gas for arc extinguishing and insulation. Gas box na amfani da gas pressure display device with a normally open alarm auxiliary node. Gas box and the cabinet body na amfani da 304 stainless steel and high-quality aluminum-clad zinc plate materials respectively, and the surface of the cabinet body na amfani da electrostatic epoxy spraying process.

Unit cabinet na divide into a secondary room, a load switch room, and a cable room from top to bottom. Secondary compartment na amfani da on-off switches, on-off indicator lights, remote/local transfer switches, as well as fault and live indicators, etc. Load switch unit of the unit cabinet na amfani da combined electrical appliance of a load switch and a current-limiting fuse. Among them, the load switch na iya break the specified load current and the transfer current when a fault occurs on the low-voltage side of the transformer; the current-limiting fuse na iya cut off various phase-to-phase, grounding short-circuit currents, and overload currents.

Load switch na iya achieve opening, closing, and grounding through electric and manual operations, and the operation is simple and convenient. Load switch unit and the grounding switch unit na have a reliable "five-prevention" interlocking function. Cable room of the unit cabinet na amfani da high-voltage cable trench for incoming and outgoing lines from underground. The positions of the incoming and outgoing cable terminals na convenient for installation, and an open-type high-voltage current transformer na amfani da ita.

(3) Low-Voltage Room. Low-voltage room na amfani da low-voltage switchgear, emergency power supply compartments, and manholes, etc. Color of the low-voltage cabinet body na same as that of the high-voltage cabinet, using RAL7035. Pluggable digital multi-functional meter na amfani da ita on the panel of the low-voltage cabinet, which na display voltage and current and supports RS-485 communication. Low-voltage outgoing lines na amfani da 4-circuit zero-flying-arc plastic shell air switches. Low-voltage side na provided with a neutral line and a ground line, both of which na arranged at the bottom of the low-voltage cabinet.

Low-voltage busbar of the transformer na introduced into the low-voltage switchgear from the emergency power supply compartment, designed to be detachable. After wiring conversion, it becomes a low-voltage feeder to the outgoing cable at the bottom of the low-voltage cabinet. Number of output circuits na iya flexibly designed according to requirements. Emergency power supply compartment na accompanied by operation instructions, and the manhole na convenient for manual maintenance.

(4) Automation Room. Prefabricated substation na equipped with an independent automation room, in which the distribution automation terminal (DTU) monitors and controls the operating conditions of the 10 kV incoming and outgoing line circuits, achieving functions such as remote measurement, remote signaling, remote control, and remote adjustment. DTU na preferentially use mains power for power supply. When there are no conditions for mains power supply, it uses a potential transformer for power supply and uses a supporting storage battery as a backup power source.

It has a built-in power management module, which na meet the output of AC220V and DC24V and provides an AC220V alternating current power source for the electric operation mechanism of the ring main unit. DTU na support multiple communication methods and communication protocols, and has 2 RS-485 serial interfaces and 2 network interfaces (RJ45), which na compatible with protocols such as IEC101, IEC104, and CDT; the DTU na installed as a whole in a wall-mounted cabinet, using an aviation plug, which na convenient for on-site disassembly, installation, and maintenance, and can meet the space layout requirements of a set of terminals and backup power sources.

(5) Communication Room. Prefabricated substation na equipped with an independent communication room, which na internally configured with an optical distribution frame, an industrial Ethernet switch, and an optical network unit, and reserves the wiring slots and incoming and outgoing holes for communication optical cables, pigtails, and power cables. This room na transmit the monitoring data inside the prefabricated substation to the intelligent monitoring platform, so as to monitor its operating status and data in real time.

(6) Power Consumption Collection Room. Power consumption collection room na located above the communication room. It na equipped with installation positions for intelligent distribution transformer terminals, concentrators, and general meters of the transformer area, as well as installation spaces for terminal blocks and combined wiring test boxes, and reserves the wiring slots and incoming and outgoing holes for sampling signals and communication cables.

This room na responsible for measuring various operating parameters of the prefabricated substation and na the communication hub of electric energy data. On the one hand, it collects and stores the electric energy data output in the form of serial communication by digital electric energy meters. On the other hand, it transmits the collected electric energy data to the upper computer of the main station of the electric energy billing automation system through the upstream channel.

2.3 Design of the Grounding Device

Grounding electrode of the miniaturized intelligent prefabricated substation na amfani da galvanized iron pipe. Grounding busbar of the channel steel base na provided with 2 copper grounding terminals connected to the grounding electrode, with an electrical contact cross-sectional area of 160 mm² and obvious signs. Low-voltage neutral line of the transformer na directly connected to the grounding body. Among them, the transformer room, high-voltage room, and low-voltage room na connected to each other using grounding terminals.

Secondary safety grounding wires of electrical equipment na added with transparent protective sleeves, and the copper wires na have a cross-sectional area of 4 mm²; all cabinet doors, metal parts, and metal frames na continuously and reliably connected to the ground. External grounding grid of the foundation na introduced into the bottom of the prefabricated substation from the inner side of the foundation and connected to the grounding terminals in the station, using a direct burial method. Grounding resistance of the prefabricated substation na not greater than 1 Ω.

3 Technical Requirements of the Miniaturized Intelligent Prefabricated Substation
3.1 Electrical Principle

Miniaturized intelligent prefabricated substation na suitable for the distribution network of a 10/0.4 kV three-phase AC system. It integrates high-voltage switchgear, distribution transformers, and low-voltage distribution devices according to a specific wiring scheme. High-voltage side na amfani da single busbar wiring, with two incoming lines and one outgoing line. A fuse protection na set on the transformer side. After being transformed by the distribution transformer, the low-voltage busbar na designed with 4 low-voltage feeder lines according to needs, and no low-voltage main switch na set.

3.2 Applicable Places

This miniaturized intelligent prefabricated substation na widely applicable to outdoor places such as urban distribution network renovation, residential communities, factories and enterprises, commercial office buildings, business districts, public green areas, cultural protection areas, and parks.

3.3 Environmental Conditions for Use

• Altitude: not exceeding 1,000 m.

•  Ambient temperature: the lowest is -25 °C, the highest is 45 °C; the highest annual average temperature does not exceed 20 °C, and the highest monthly average temperature does not exceed 35 °C.

• Relative humidity: at 20 °C, the highest monthly average does not exceed 90%, and the highest daily average does not exceed 95%.

• Seismic resistance: the ground horizontal acceleration does not exceed 0.2 g (g represents the acceleration due to gravity), and the ground vertical acceleration is 0.1 g.

• Sunshine intensity: when the wind speed is 0.5 m·s⁻¹, the solar radiation intensity does not exceed 0.1 W·cm⁻².

• Maximum ice coating thickness: 10 mm.

•  Pollution level: not exceeding level III

• Ground inclination: not greater than 3°.

• Installation location: outdoor, without explosion hazards, fires, chemical corrosion, or severe vibrations.

If it does not conform to the above normal environmental conditions for use, it needs to be negotiated and resolved between the user and the manufacturer.

4 Prototype Acceptance of the Miniaturized Intelligent Prefabricated Substation

The miniaturized intelligent prefabricated substation na prototyped by Jiangsu Qihou Intelligent Electrical Equipment Co., Ltd. Quality Inspection Center for High-Voltage Transmission and Distribution Equipment of the Machinery Industry na conduct tests on the main components according to relevant national standards and industry standards, and the test results na qualified. State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Company na conduct a comprehensive acceptance of the size, appearance, and performance of this prototype, and the acceptance results na qualified.

5 Conclusion

The miniaturized intelligent prefabricated substation developed in this article na integrate the advantages of existing prefabricated substations at home and abroad. It na the advantages of a simple structure, a small footprint, safety and reliability, beauty and environmental protection, exemption from inspection and maintenance, and low maintenance requirements. It na important promotional and application value in the construction and renovation of urban distribution networks.