Unsaon nang mahimong dako ang lebel sa boltah?
Ang solid-state transformer (SST), kasagaran gisulti an power electronic transformer (PET), gamiton ang voltage level isip key indicator sa iyang teknolohikal nga madurog ug application scenarios. Karon, ang mga SSTs nakaabot na sa voltage levels nga 10 kV ug 35 kV sa medium-voltage distribution side, pero sa high-voltage transmission side, sila padayon an stage sa laboratory research ug prototype validation. Ang table sa ubos makinahanglan nga ilustrar sa clear nga ang kasamtangan nga status sa voltage levels sa daghan nga application scenarios:
| Application Scenario | Voltage Level | Technical Status | Notes and Cases |
| Data Center / Building | 10kV | Commercial Application | Adunay daghang mature products. Pwede matumong CGIC naghatag og 10kV/2.4MW SST alang sa "East Digital and West Calculation" Gui'an Data Center. |
| Distribution Network / Park - level Demonstration | 10kV - 35kV | Demonstration Project | Ang pipila ka leading enterprises mibutang og 35kV prototypes ug gibutangan og grid-connected demonstrations, kini ang pinakataas nga voltage level nga nailhan para sa engineering application karon. |
| Transmission Side of Power System | > 110kV | Laboratory Principle Prototype | Ang universities ug research institutes (tulad ni Tsinghua University, Global Energy Internet Research Institute) miagi sa pag-develop og prototypes nga adunay voltage levels nga 110kV o mas taas, apan walay commercial projects nakita karon. |
1. Asa man ang kadaghanan sa pagtaas sa voltage level?
Ang voltage level sa solid-state transformer (SST) dili mahimong simple nga ma-increase pinaagi sa stacking sa components; gi-limit siya pinaagi sa series sa fundamental technical challenges:
1.1 Voltage withstand limitation of power semiconductor devices
Kini ang core bottleneck. Karon, ang mainstream SSTs gigamit og silicon-based IGBTs o mas advanced silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs.
Ang voltage rating sa usa ka SiC device karanihon sa 10 kV hangtod 15 kV. Aron maka-handle sa mas taas nga system voltages (e.g., 35 kV), kinahanglan nga mag-connect sa series ang multiple devices. Apan, ang series connection molihok og complex "voltage balancing issues," diin ang bisan unsa nga minor differences sa mga devices mahimo molihok og voltage imbalance ug resultar sa module failure.
1.2 Challenges in high-frequency transformer insulation technology
Ang core advantage sa SSTs nahimutang sa pag-reduce sa size pinaagi sa high-frequency operation. Apan, sa high frequencies, ang performance sa insulation materials ug electric field distribution naging extremely complex. Ang mas taas nga voltage level, mas stringent ang requirements sa insulation design, manufacturing processes, ug thermal management sa high-frequency transformer. Ang pag-achieve sa tens of kV-level high-frequency insulation sa limited space represent a significant challenge sa materials ug design.
1.3 Complexity of system topology and control
Aron maka-handle sa high voltages, ang mga SSTs kasagaran mogamit og cascaded modular topologies (e.g., MMC—Modular Multilevel Converter). Ang mas taas nga voltage level, mas daghan ang required nga sub-modules, naghulagway sa extremely complex system structure. Ang difficulty sa control nagtaas exponential, ug ang cost ug failure rate usab nagtaas accordingly.
2. Future Outlook
Bisan may significant challenges, ang technological breakthroughs continue:
Device advancement: Higher-voltage-rated SiC ug gallium nitride (GaN) devices under development ug represent the foundation for achieving higher-voltage SSTs.
Topology innovation: New circuit topologies, such as hybrid approaches (combining conventional transformers with power electronic converters), are considered a viable path for rapid breakthroughs in high-voltage applications.
Standardization: As organizations like IEEE begin to establish SST-related standards, this will promote standardized design and testing, accelerating technological maturity.
3. Conclusion
Karon, ang 10 kV SSTs naka-enter na sa commercial application, ug ang 35 kV level represent the highest level achieved in demonstration projects, while voltage levels of 110 kV and above remain in the realm of forward-looking technical research. The advancement of solid-state transformer voltage levels is a gradual process that depends on coordinated progress in power semiconductors, materials science, control theory, and thermal management technologies.
