Banki Kapa: Taarifa, Matukar da Faide

Electrical4u

فیلڈ: Karkashin Kuliya da Dukkana

China

Matsayin wani abu

Matsayin wani abu ita ce kungiyar kofin kofin da suka shirya da kuma ya kunshi daga baya ko karkara don gida kan jiki a cikin sistem ta karamin jiki. Kofin kofin ne na iya gida kan jiki tare da yadda ake bayyana safin jiki a nan biyu masu futa da kuma insulating material. Kungiyoyi na kofin kofin suna amfani da su a matsayin wurare da kuma sabon wurare, kamar koreksiya ta karamin jiki, takarda, harmonic filtering, da kuma transient suppression.

Me ke Karamin Jiki?

Karamin jiki ita ce yadda ake amfani da AC (alternating current) sistem ta karamin jiki. An define shi a matsayin nisa da real power (P) zuwa apparent power (S), inda real power shi ne zan iya yi aiki a cikin load, kuma apparent power shi ne mafi takardun voltage (V) da current (I) a cikin circuit. Karamin jiki zai iya bayyana a matsayin cosine of the angle (θ) a nan voltage da current.

Karamin jiki = P/S = VI cos θ

Karamin jiki mai kyau ita ce 1, wanda ya ce cewa duka jiki da aka bayar an yi aiki a cikin load, kuma ba a kasance reactive power (Q) a cikin circuit. Reactive power ita ce jiki da take shiga da kuma fito a nan source da load saboda inductive ko capacitive elements, kamar motors, transformers, capacitors, etc. Reactive power ba a yi aiki bane, amma an yi extra losses kuma yake haɗa da zama na system.

Reactive power = Q = VI sin θ

Karamin jiki na system zai iya haɗa daga 0 zuwa 1, kafin a haka hakan da type da amount of load da ake kula shi. Karamin jiki mai tsawo ya nuna reactive power demand mai tsawo da kuma yadda ake amfani da jiki da aka bayar. Karamin jiki mai kyau ya nuna reactive power demand mai tsawo da kuma yadda ake amfani da jiki da aka bayar.

Yanzu Me Ce Koreksiya Ta Karamin Jiki Muhimmiyar?

Koreksiya ta karamin jiki ita ce yanayin amfani da karamin jiki na system tare da yanayin reactive power sources, kamar capacitor banks ko synchronous condensers. Koreksiya ta karamin jiki tana da fa'idodi a matsayin utility da consumer, kamar:

Haɗa da line losses da kuma zama na system: Karamin jiki mai tsawo ya nuna high current flow a cikin system, wanda yake haɗa da resistive losses (I2R) da kuma haɗa da takarda a cikin load end. Tare da koreksiya ta karamin jiki, current flow ya haɗa, kuma losses ya haɗa, wanda yake nuna takarda mai kyau da kuma zama na system.
Zama na capacity da kuma amanna: Karamin jiki mai tsawo ya nuna high apparent power demand daga source, wanda yake haɗa da amount of real power da za a iya bayar a cikin load. Tare da koreksiya ta karamin jiki, apparent power demand ya haɗa, kuma more real power zai iya bayar a cikin load, wanda yake nuna capacity da kuma amanna mai kyau.
Haɗa da charges da kuma penalties: Duk da utilities suna haɗa da extra fees ko impose penalties wajen consumers wadanda suka da karamin jiki mai tsawo, saboda suka haɗa da burden a cikin transmission da distribution network da kuma increase their operational costs. Tare da koreksiya ta karamin jiki, waɗannan charges ko penalties zai iya haɗa ko haɗa, wanda yake nuna electricity bills mai kyau.

Yadda Ake Amfani Da Kungiyar Kofin Kofin?

Kungiyar kofin kofin ita ce yadda ake amfani da reactive power don bayar ko kuma gida shi daga system, kafin a haka hakan da mode da location da ake kula shi. Akwai nau'o'i biyu na kungiyar kofin kofin: shunt capacitor banks da series capacitor banks.

Shunt Capacitor Banks

Shunt capacitor banks suna kula in parallel da load ko a points na system, kamar substations ko feeders. Suna bayar leading reactive power (positive Q) don cancel out ko reduce lagging reactive power (negative Q) da inductive loads, kamar motors, transformers, etc. Yadda ake amfani da shi ya haɗa karamin jiki na system da kuma haɗa da line losses.

Shunt Capacitor Bank

Shunt capacitor banks suna da fa'idodi daga wasu types of reactive power compensation devices, kamar:

Sun simple, cheap, da kuma easy to install and maintain.
Sun switch on or off according to the load variation or system requirement.
Sun divide into smaller units or steps to provide more flexibility and accuracy in reactive power control.
Sun improve voltage stability and quality at the load end by providing local reactive support.

Amma, shunt capacitor banks suna da disadvantages ko limitations, kamar:

Sun cause overvoltage or resonance problems if not properly designed or coordinated with other devices in the system.
Sun introduce harmonics or distortions into the system if not properly filtered or protected.
Sun may not be effective for long transmission lines ko distributed loads.

Series Capacitor Banks

Series capacitor banks suna kula in series da load ko transmission line, wanda yake haɗa da effective impedance of the circuit. Suna bayar lagging reactive power (negative Q) don cancel out ko reduce leading reactive power (positive Q) da capacitive loads, kamar long cables, transmission lines, etc. Yadda ake amfani da shi ya haɗa takarda da kuma zama na system.

Series Capacitor Bank

Series capacitor banks suna da advantages daga shunt capacitor banks, kamar:

Sun can increase the power transfer capability and efficiency of long transmission lines by reducing line losses and voltage drop.
Sun can reduce the short-circuit current and fault level of the system by increasing the impedance of the fault path.
Sun can improve the transient response and damping of the system by reducing the natural frequency and oscillations.

Amma, series capacitor banks suna da disadvantages ko limitations, kamar:

Sun may cause overvoltage or resonance problems if not properly designed or protected. For example, during a fault condition, the voltage across the capacitor may rise up to 15 times its rated value, which can damage the capacitor or other equipment in the system.
Sun may introduce harmonics or distortions into the system if not properly filtered or compensated.
Sun may not be effective for low voltage or distributed loads.