Me Kowane Yadda Turanci da Kudin Aiki na Turanci a Makarantun Kirkiyya?
Hanyoyin Tsakiyar Zane zuwa Turanci da Ingantaccen Yadda Ake Karkashar Fadada Masu Turanci a Jiragen Turanci
Don cikin jihohin daga 110 kV zuwa 500 kV, yana da kyau a bayyana hanyoyin tsakiya masu inganci. Idan haka, duk fannin aiki, tushen X0/X1 na musamman wajen zero-sequence reactance da positive-sequence reactance ya kamata zai kasance babban halin mafi yawan rike da ba za su iya fito da 3. Duk da haka, tushen R0/X1 na musamman wajen zero-sequence resistance da positive-sequence reactance ya kamata zai kasance babban halin mafi yawan rike da ba za su iya fito da 1.
A cikin jihohin 330 kV da 500 kV, neutral points na masu turanci suna tsakiyar zane zuwa turanci na musamman.
A cikin jihohin 110 kV da 220 kV, neutral points na manyan masu turanci suna tsakiyar zane zuwa turanci na musamman. Amma a kan wasu masu turanci, neutral points su suna tsakiyar zane zuwa turanci a nan gaps, surge arresters, ko gabatar gaps da surge arresters.
Don in kula tsari na single-phase short-circuit current a jiragen turanci, yana da kyau a amfani da low-reactance grounding wajen neutral points na masu turanci da ake sanya 110 kV zuwa gaba.
Ingantaccen Yadda Ake Karkashar Neutral Points na Masu Turanci 110 kV da 220 kV
Don in kula tsari na single-phase grounding short-circuit current, kuma don in bincika interference na communication, da kuma don in tabbatar da abubuwan setting da configuration na relay protection, neutral point na wata masu turanci an tsakiyar zane zuwa turanci na musamman. Amma a kan wasu masu turanci, neutral points su suna tsakiyar zane zuwa turanci a nan surge arresters, protection gaps, ko gabatar surge arresters da protection gaps.
Manyan masu turanci suna amfani da protection scheme na gabatar surge arresters da discharge gaps. Discharge gap tana da shugaban rod-rod structure, da manyan surge arresters suna da zinc oxide surge arresters.
Ingantaccen Yadda Ake Karkashar Parallel Gaps da Surge Arresters
Power frequency da switching overvoltages suna daidaita a nan gaps, amma lightning da transient overvoltages suna daidaita a nan surge arresters. Saboda haka, gaps suna daidaita a limita power frequency overvoltages da ma'aduwar amplitude mai yawa da residual voltages na surge arresters da suka fi yawa. Hakan ya ba da al'amuran karkashar neutral point na masu turanci kuma ya ba da al'amuran mutual protection.
Ingantaccen Yadda Ake Karkashar Metal Oxide Surge Arresters
Idan single-phase grounding da loss-of-ground fault yana faru, overvoltage na faru zai iya daidaita ko kuma samun explosion na surge arrester.
Ingantaccen Yadda Ake Karkashar Rod-Rod Gaps
Wannan wata protection tana da split-type installation. A cikin aiki, adjustment na distance tana daidai in ba daidai, kuma concentricity tana daidai in ba daidai. Ba release, arc na faru zai erode electrodes. A cikin lightning impulse, chopped waves zai faru, wanda ke da damar insulation safety na equipment. Protection gap ba zai iya self-extinguish arc. Saboda haka, relay protection ya kamata in faru in itse arc, wanda ke da damar misoperation na relay protection.
Parallel Protection by Surge Arresters and Gaps
Tushen coordination da ke da protection level na surge arrester, operating characteristics na rod gap, da insulation level na neutral point na transformer suna da damar da ke da shawarar da take faru a cikin aiki.
Ingantaccen Yadda Ake Karkashar Composite Gaps
Composite insulators suna amfani a matsayin mechanical support. High-voltage da low-voltage electrodes suna fixe a kafuwar insulator, kuma gap electrodes suna da shape na goat horns. Discharge electrodes da arc-ignition electrodes suna separate. Wannan tana da dalilai masu kyau kamar concentricity mai kyau, accurate distance determination, convenient installation da commissioning, strong ablation resistance, da stable discharge voltage. Wannan tana daidaita drawbacks na split-type installed rod gaps kuma yana da kyau don karkashar neutral point na transformers.
Principles na Protection
A cikin action na lightning overvoltage, gap ya kamata in breakdown in karkasha insulation na neutral point na transformer. Lightning impulse discharge voltage ta ya kamata in coordinated with lightning impulse withstand level na neutral point na transformer.
Idan single-phase grounding fault yana faru a cikin system, neutral-point insulation ya kamata in daidaita overvoltage na faru, kuma gap ba zai breakdown in ba da misoperation na relay protection. Idan single-phase grounding yana faru a cikin system da neutral-point loss-of-ground, ko idan system yana faru non-full-phase operation, resonance faults, kuma haske power frequency overvoltage yana faru a cikin certain amplitude, gap ya kamata in breakdown in clamp neutral point na system da kula overvoltage na neutral point na transformer.
Ingantaccen Yadda Ake Karkashar Controllable Gaps
Controllable gap tana da fixed gap, control gap, da capacitor voltage-equalizing circuit. Goat-horn gap tana daidaita fixed gap, kuma vacuum switch tana amfani in control automatic breakdown na controllable gap.
Controllable gap tana amfani a parallel with surge arrester. A cikin lightning da transient overvoltages, surge arrester tana daidaita in kula overvoltage, kuma controllable gap tana inactive. Idan single-phase grounding fault yana faru a cikin system, wannan overvoltage ba zai da damar neutral-point insulation, saboda haka, controllable gap ba zai operate.
Idan power frequency overvoltage yana faru (kamar single-phase grounding da loss-of-ground a isolated ungrounded system ko non-full-phase operation), controllable gap tana activate in karkasha insulation na neutral point na transformer da surge arrester.
Controllable gap tana effective resolve issues na gaps, surge arresters, da parallel protection na rod gaps da surge arresters. Parallel connection na controllable gap da surge arrester tana effective protect neutral point na transformer.
