Karamin haɗa aiki na ƙaramin kasa da amfani da microcontroller
A cikin yadda aka so in kai, ana iya samun hankali a kan abubuwan da na nufin suka zama za a gudanar da sakamakon programmin komputa. Za ka duba misalai, inda ka ke a makarantun kula da ka neman bayyana circuit breaker daga wurin da ba ake. Bayyana circuit breakers daga wurin da ba ake zai iya samun don samun Microcontroller. Zan yi magana game da tarihin Bayyana Circuit Breaker Da Remote Control Ta Hanyar Microcontroller.
Don haka bayyana circuit breaker da remote control ta, za mu bukata:
Microcontroller (misali, Arduino)
Transistor
Diode
Resistors
Relay
LED
PC (Personal Computer)
Microcontroller
Microcontroller shine IC wanda ya fi soni a fahimta maimaitattun da PC ya bayar ku hanyar tarihi mai girman bayanin. Microcontroller ya fi tarihi mai girman bayanin da za a amfani da su don bayyana PC kamar Serial, Ethernet da CAN (Controller Area Network).
Microcontroller ya fi al'adun da suke kamar GPIO (General Purpose Input Output) pins, ADC (Analog to Digital Converter), timer, UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) da Ethernet da sauransu. Aiki na microcontroller shine bayyana digital output da ya fi amperaji da tsaye.
Idan ka set pin HIGH, voltage da ke cika a wannan pin ya fi tsari +3.3V ko +5V, sannan amperaji da ya iya bincike ko kawo ya fi tsari 30mA. Wannan ya fi kyau idan ka ke kontrola LED wanda takardarsa ya fi tsaye.
Idan muna neman kontrola circuit breaker ta hanyar pin na microcontroller, muna bukatar driver wanda ya iya bincike amperaji da ya fi kyau zuwa load don bayyana. Muna bukatar component a kan microcontroller da device da za a kontrola da voltage da amperaji da tsaye. Relays da transistors suna amfani da su a kan wannan ma'aiki.
Transistor
Transistor ya yi aiki a haka wanda ya bincike amperaji da ya fi kyau zuwa relay don bayyana idan ya ci saturation Mode.
Resistor
Resistors suna amfani da su don hadada amperaji a kan LED, transistors.
LED
Light emitting diode an amfani da ita don nuna cewa circuit breaker ya faru ko ya kusa.
Relay
Relay shine switch wanda ake amfani da ita don kontrola electrical load da ya fi amfani da power da ya fi kyau (kamar Circuit Breaker, Motor, da Solenoid). Switch na musamman ba zan iya kontrola electrical load da ya fi power da ya fi kyau, saboda haka relay an amfani da ita don kontrola electrical load da ya fi power da ya fi kyau.
Tsarin Karkashin Bayyana Circuit Breaker Ta Hanyar Microcontroller
Idan an bayar microcontroller don bayyana load, pin na microcontroller ya faru zuwa 3.3V (a cikin circuit na fadada) wanda ya faru NPN transistor. Idan transistor ya faru, amperaji ya haɗa daga collector zuwa emitter na transistor wanda ya actuate relay, sannan relay ya kofara AC voltage zuwa circuit breaker wanda ya faru circuit breaker.
LED an amfani da ita don nuna cewa circuit breaker ya faru ko ya kusa. Idan pin na microcontroller ya faru, LED ya faru (Circuit Breaker ON) idan pin na microcontroller ya kusa, transistor ya kusa, sannan babu amperaji ya haɗa zuwa coil na relay, sannan circuit breaker ya kusa, LED kuma ya kusa.
Protection Diode
Idan relay ya kusa, e.m.f. ya haɗa wanda ya iya yan lalace a transistor idan tsarin e.m.f. ya fi kyau da VCEO voltage na transistor. Don daɗe transistor da digital output na microcontroller, an amfani da diode wanda ya ci idan relay ya kusa. Wannan shine mafi girma ake kiran freewheeling diode.
Designing
Microcontroller na fadada ya faru 3.3V idan pin ya faru, 0V idan pin ya kusa. Zaka ce relay na 12 V da 360-ohm coil resistance, sannan amperaji da relay ya buƙaci don faru
Wannan shine amperaji na rated na relay.
LED (forward voltage = 1.2 V) ya buƙaci amperaji da ya fi tsari 20mA, sannan resistance RLED
RLED zai iya zaba zuwa 500 Ω.
RB zai iya zaba zuwa 4K don bincike amperaji da ya fi kyau zuwa base na transistor GUI (Graphical User Interface): GUI zai iya koyarwa a kan high level language (kamar C#) wanda ya amfani da UDP (User Datagram Protocol) don bayyana microcontroller zuwa PC. Duk da GUI wanda ya kontrola digital output na microcontroller zuwa UDP protocol.
