Farkon da dama bayan Kirkiya Tashar Yawanci da Kirkiya Tashar Yawan Karshe

Mai suna Surge Arrester?

Surge arrester wani wurin da ke fadada tsari na kashi da ke sanya a cikin panelar tattalin kwabtakwabi. Farkon haka shine ya zama don kula da ingantaccen tsari, abubuwa, da kuma masana'antar kwabtakwabi daga fannoni na kashi da suka shafi. Yana kula da damar hankali na rayukansu a kan darajar da kuma jirgin samun kashi, kamar yadda ake yi cutting, sparking, shedding ta zafi, da kuma wasu muhimman fannoni na kashi.

Surge arresters suna lura cewa su ne muhimmiyar wurin a cikin sassan kashi saboda hakan da suke bayyana waɗannan fannoni na kashi. Wannan kula ta gudana a kan abubuwan da ke da rara-rarin kashi, ko kuma abubuwan da ke da rara-rarin kashi, kuma sassan kashi, domin ya ba da kula da damar hankali na rayukansu. Daga cikin abubuwan da ake amfani a yanzu, ana iya samun surge arrester da ke da non-linear metal oxide resistors wanda aka fi a kafa a kan housing na porcelain ko silicone rubber. Waɗannan arresters suna haɗa da circuit da suke kula da damar hankali, inda suke saurare kashi mai yawa zuwa grid na ground a lokacin da surge yana faru. Hakan ya ba da damar hankali na rayukansu a lokacin da surge yana faru, amma babba da ita ce cewa circuit yana ci gaba da kyau a lokacin da surge bai faru ba.

Tarihin Arrester Terminology and Definitions

A tafken, an yi amfani da sunan "lightning arrester" a sassan kashi. Amma a yanzu, an yi amfani da sunan "surge arrester" wanda yake da ma'ana da yawa. A lokacin da farkon design na sassan kashi, wanda ke da yawan murabba, lightning ne shine mafi yawan fannoni na overvoltage. Amma a lokacin da yanzu, a sassan kashi mai karfi, akwai wasu fannoni da za su iya shafi overvoltage. Kamar shedding ta zafi, yadda ake yi changes a high-power loads, da kuma disconnector switching a substations na extra-high-voltage (EHV). Saboda haka, surge arresters ne suke amfani a substations kafin lightning arresters. Surge arresters suna kula da damar hankali na rayukansu daga waɗannan fannoni na overvoltage, ba da lightning kawai. A low-voltage (LV) da medium-voltage (MV) transmission and distribution lines, an yi amfani da sunan "line arrester" don wurin da suke kula da damar hankali daga lightning-induced da wasu fannoni na overvoltage.

Mai suna Lightning Arrester?

Lightning arrester wani wurin da ke fadada tsari na kashi da ke sanya don kula da damar hankali na rayukansu daga fannoni na lightning strokes. Waɗannan strokes suna bayyana overvoltage transients mai yawa, da kuma surge currents mai yawa daga lightning, sparks, da isolation arcs.

Farkon haka shine ya zama don kula da damar hankali na rayukansu a lokacin da overvoltage mai yawa suka faru, da kuma ya ba da damar hankali na rayukansu daga fannoni na lightning strikes. Idan an yi earthing ko ground wires, zai iya ba da damar hankali na rayukansu daga direct lightning strikes, amma ba zai iya ba da damar hankali na rayukansu daga traveling waves. Waɗannan waves zai iya haɗa zuwa terminal-connected devices da kuma equipment, kuma zai iya ba da damar hankali na rayukansu. Hakan ya zama don surge diverters, ko lightning arresters, suke amfani a lokacin da yin kula da damar hankali na rayukansu daga faults ko lightning strikes.

Lightning arresters suna haɗa da structures, kamar poles, towers, da buildings, a matsayin points na mafi yawa. Hakan ya ba da damar hankali na rayukansu daga lightning strokes, da kuma ya ba da damar hankali na rayukansu daga fannoni na lightning-induced, saboda hakan an yi safe pathway don discharge current and voltage directly to the ground.

Yadda Da Kyau Bayan Surge Arresters da Lightning Arresters

• Installation Location：Surge arresters suna haɗa a cikin panel board, amma lightning arresters suna haɗa a waje. Yadda da kyau wannan shine ya zama saboda muhimmin protective functions.

• Scope of Protection：Surge arresters suna kula da damar hankali na rayukansu daga fannoni na kashi, da kuma lightning arresters suna kula da damar hankali na rayukansu daga fannoni na kashi a waje.

• Protected Against：Surge arresters suna kula da damar hankali na rayukansu daga wasu fannoni na kashi, kamar lightning, switching operations, electrical faults, da kuma wasu fannoni na overvoltage. Lightning arresters suna kula da damar hankali na rayukansu daga lightning strikes kawai.

• Energy Dissipation Mechanism：Surge arresters suna intercept electrical surges da kuma channel the excess, unwanted energy to the ground wire. Lightning arresters suna divert the energy flow directly to the ground through the arrester itself, creating a path of least resistance for the lightning-induced electrical charges.

• Interchangeability：Surge arresters suna iya amfani a matsayin substitute for lightning arresters saboda hakan da suke da protection capabilities mai yawa. Amma lightning arresters ba su iya amfani a matsayin surge arresters saboda hakan da su ba su da ability to handle non-lightning-related electrical surges.

Mai suna Lightning Rod?

Lightning rod, ko kuma lightning conductor, wani metal rod da ke amfani da materials kamar copper, aluminium, ko wasu electrically conductive substances. An haɗa shi a matsayin points na mafi yawa a structures, kamar poles, towers, da buildings, domin ya ba da damar hankali na rayukansu daga direct lightning strikes.

Lightning wani electrostatic discharge wanda yake faru a nan da clouds da earth. Idan lightning yake haɗa zuwa power lines, zai iya bayyana spike mai yawa a system voltage, wanda yake shafi electrical installations da kuma equipment. Hakan ya zama don lightning rod suke amfani, domin ya ba da damar hankali na rayukansu daga destructive impact of direct lightning strokes, saboda hakan an yi preferential path for the lightning current.

Wani abubuwan da ke da advantage a lightning rod shine ya dogon cost compared to surge arresters. An haɗa shi a uppermost surface of a building or power line tower, domin ya ba da damar hankali na rayukansu daga high-value electrostatic charges da kuma lightning currents zuwa ground. Amma don hakan ya zama effective, ya kamata an yi proper earthing to the grounding system, domin ya ba da damar hankali na rayukansu daga fannoni na kashi.

Mai suna Surge Suppressor?

Surge suppressor, ko kuma surge protector ko transient suppressor, wani wurin da ke fadada tsari na kashi da ke sanya don kula da damar hankali na rayukansu daga voltage surges da kuma switching surges a home distribution board.

Waɗannan surges suna shafi electrical appliances da kuma integrity of the home electrical system. Misali, idan an switch off inductive load, kamar refrigerator, washing machine, ko electric motor, yana bayyana voltage surges a electrical system. Wannan yana faru saboda self-inductance da back electromotive force (back EMF). Idan current through the inductive load yake faru, inductor yake resist this change, creating a large voltage spike that can reach levels far higher than the normal operating voltage of the electrical system. Idan ba a kula da damar hankali na rayukansu, zai iya shafi sensitive electronic components within appliances, disrupt the normal operation of electrical devices, da kuma lead to costly repairs or replacements. Surge suppressor yana intercept da kuma safely divert these excessive electrical spikes, ensuring that the voltage levels within the home electrical system remain within safe limits and protecting the connected electrical equipment from harm.

The Role and Functioning of Surge Suppressors

Waɗannan sudden voltage spikes and surges suna shafi electrical devices da suke sensitive to voltage ratings. A circuits with inductive loads, act of switching a contactor yana generate switching surges. Waɗannan surges not only pose a threat to the contactor itself but can also harm other connected devices within the electrical system. To address this issue, surge suppressors are commonly installed in low-voltage (LV) contactors. Their dual-purpose function is to shield the contactor from external voltage surges and protect the entire system from the potentially harmful effects of the contactor's switching action.

A typical surge suppressor is designed as a utility outlet with an integrated power ON/OFF switch. It features a three-wire cord, allowing it to be conveniently plugged into a standard wall outlet. This setup makes it easy to connect various electrical devices, providing them with immediate protection against voltage fluctuations.

The standard voltage supplies in homes, such as 120V AC in the United States and 230V AC in the United Kingdom and the European Union, are specified as root-mean-square (RMS) values, also known as effective values. These RMS values represent the equivalent DC voltage that would deliver the same amount of power to a resistive load. For a 120V RMS supply (at a frequency of 60Hz), the peak voltage is approximately 170Vp, while for a 230V RMS supply (at a frequency of 50Hz), the peak voltage reaches around 325Vp.

However, in the presence of electrical transients caused by factors like lightning strikes or switching operations, the peak voltage can spike to several hundred volts or even thousands of volts in the form of irregular pulses. These transient events are extremely short-lived, typically lasting only a few microseconds (10⁻⁶ seconds). Despite their brief duration, they can inflict significant damage on sensitive electronic devices, which are often designed to operate within a narrow voltage range.

This is where surge suppressors play a crucial role. They are engineered to monitor the incoming voltage and prevent any peak voltage that exceeds a predefined threshold. For example, a surge suppressor rated at 250V will function normally when the incoming voltage remains at or below 230V. But as soon as the transient voltage pulses exceed the 250V limit, the surge suppressor immediately redirects the excess line power to the ground. This rapid response effectively protects connected devices by ensuring that the voltage they receive never surpasses their safe operating limit, thereby safeguarding their functionality and extending their lifespan.

Differences between Surge Arresters and Surge Suppressors

The primary distinctions between surge suppressors and surge arresters lie in their voltage ratings and energy-dissipation capabilities. A surge suppressor typically has a relatively low voltage rating, only slightly higher than the normal operating voltage of the electrical system it serves. Its energy-dissipation capacity is also limited. In contrast, a surge arrester features a significantly higher voltage rating compared to the rated voltage of the circuit. More importantly, it boasts a far greater ability to dissipate electrical energy, all while ensuring that the insulation of the electrical system remains intact and unaffected.

Key Point: It is essential to note that surge suppressors are not suitable for protecting circuits against transients and surges caused by lightning strikes. Their design and capabilities make them inadequate for handling the extremely high-energy and high-voltage events associated with lightning, which require the more robust protection offered by surge arresters.