Tambayar Da’i na Dabi’uwar Turanci a Duniya

Dukkanin Da Kowane Masu Tashar Siyasa na Turabo Daga Turai da Siyasa

A matsayin mafi girma a cikin tattalin kula, zan iya da tsohon siyasa na turabo yana haɗa da kalubale masu amfani. IEC 60076 series standards wanda An Matakin Siyasa na Electrotechnical International (IEC) ta kafa suna da inganci da China’s GB/T 1094 series standards a cikin bayanan siyasa. Misali, game da darajarun kuma, IEC ta shawarar muhimmanci ga jirgin tsari na transformers da suka fi sani 72.5 kV ko kadan ya zama 3.5 daga suka shiga, amma ma'adantun GB ta shawarar muhimmanci ga 4 daga suka shiga a cikin darajinsu - wannan farko ya faruwa saboda hankali da keke kan yanayin China.

Ma'adantun U.S. IEEE C57.12.00 sun yi inganci da system na classification, da kuma parameterson da suka shiga lightning impulse test waveforms suna da farko da IEC. Wannan da suka shiga 1.2/50 μs standard impulse wave ta koyar da method na chopped-wave testing wanda an yi amfani da ita a Europe, wanda yake nuna hanyoyin siyasa da dama.

Game da zafiya, European EN 50588-1 standard ta koyar da allowable no-load losses da 12%–15% daidai daga benchmarks na IEC, wanda yake haɗa da European manufacturers zuwa amfani da amorphous alloy core technologies. Ma'adantun China’s GB 20052-2020 energy efficiency standard ta yi amfani da three-tier system, inda Tier 1 efficiency transformers suna da load loss limits da suka shiga 18% daidai daga baseline na IEC 60076-20. Wannan tiered energy efficiency strategy ta haɗa da feasibility da market readiness.

Japan’s JIS C4304 standard ta shawarar muhimmanci ga partial discharge detection threshold da 0.5 pC—wanda yake daidai da 2 pC benchmark na international—wanda yake nuna abin da suka shiga don in tabbatar da reliability saboda seismic activity da ya fi yawa.

Farkon da aka samun da specifications masu insulation material. IEC 60422 ta haɗa da amfani da Nomex paper da thermal class K, amma China’s GB/T 11021 ta shawarar muhimmanci ga modified polyimide materials da Class C thermal endurance game da ultra-high-voltage applications. Russia’s GOST 3484 ta shawarar muhimmanci ga transformer oil breakdown voltage da za su shiga 70 kV/2.5 mm—wanda yake daidai da 40% daga international norm na 50 kV—wanda yake nuna abin da suka shiga don in ba dielectric performance degradation under extreme cold climates.

India’s IS 2026 standard ta haɗa da additional sand-dust simulation tests a cikin temperature rise testing, wanda yake nuna abin da suka shiga don in tabbatar da challenges posed by its unique geographical conditions.

Game da verification da short-circuit withstand capability, IEC 60076-5 ta shawarar muhimmanci ga test duration 25% daidai daga GB 1094.5, amma ta haɗa da permissible winding deformation limit da 15% daidai. Wannan farko da suka shiga sun nuna hanyoyin siyasa da dama among standardization bodies.

Canada’s CSA C88 standard ta shawarar muhimmanci ga sudden short-circuit testing a -40°C, wanda yake nuna abin da suka shiga don equipment in arctic environments. Brazil’s NBR 5356 standard ta shawarar muhimmanci ga accelerated aging tests under tropical rainforest conditions, wanda yake nuna abin da suka shiga don equipment to maintain insulation performance after 1,000 hours of continuous operation at 95% relative humidity.

A cikin regulations masu environment, EU RoHS directive ta shawarar muhimmanci ga PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl) content in transformer oil da 0.005%, amma China’s GB/T 26125 ta haɗa da up to 0.01% residual concentration for certain specialized applications. The U.S. EPA 40 CFR Part 761 ta shawarar muhimmanci ga PCB control threshold da 50 ppm. Wannan farko da suka shiga sun nuna graded enforcement intensities across regional environmental policies.

Testing methodology varies significantly. A lightning impulse tests, IEC ta shawarar muhimmanci ga chopped wave durations between 3–6 μs, amma IEEE ta haɗa da broader window da 2–8 μs. UK’s BS 7821 standard ta shawarar muhimmanci ga combined tests using switching impulses and oscillatory lightning waves, wanda yake nuna abin da suka shiga don real-world grid disturbances. France’s NF C52-112 standard ta haɗa da nighttime background noise correction algorithm for sound level measurements, wanda yake nuna abin da suka shiga don test results to subtract a 35 dB(A) ambient noise influence value—wanda yake nuna abin da suka shiga don accuracy in efficiency evaluation.

Harmonization efforts continue globally. The IEC/TC14 technical committee’s draft of the new transformer standard introduces digital twin verification clauses for the first time, requiring manufacturers to provide full lifecycle simulation models. Meanwhile, China’s Standardization Administration is revising GB/T 1094 with a focus on unified smart monitoring interfaces and proposing the development of a digital signature database for 12 standard fault types.

This coexistence of standard mutual recognition and differentiated management preserves national technical sovereignty while promoting global interoperability in power equipment trade.