Waɗannan Rankine: Me ke nan? (Ideal da Karamin Yauwa + T-s Diagram)

Muhimmiyar Rankine Cycle

Muhimmiyar Rankine Cycle yana amfani da ita a mazauna na nafar da ke tsara steam na tsohon energy domin ya zama mechanical energy a cikin steam turbines. Mafi girman muhimmiyar Rankine Cycle sun hada da turbine mai yawa, pump mai gini, condenser mai gurbin, da kuma boiler.

Boiler yana amfani da shi don gyara ruwa zuwa steam na iya aiki a cikin pressure da temperature da ke da kyau a cikin talabin da ke da kyau don generate power.

Turbine exhaust yana barza zuwa radial ko axial flow condenser don gyara steam zuwa condensate da kuma karbarwar da shi zuwa boiler tun daga pump da ke aiki a cikin boiler don gyaran ta hanyar.

Wannan zai iya ba da ma'ana da yake a matsayin na yi nasara, saboda in fahimta cewa wani cycle mai tsari a cikin power plant yana nufin waɗanda.

Cycle Mai Tsari a Cikin Power Plant

Energy mai tsari yana amfani da vapor cycle power plants don generate electrical power tare da Coal, Lignite, Diesel, Heavy furnace oil a kan abubuwan fuel da ke da kyau saboda availability da cost. Flow scheme na vapor power cycle ana bayyana a cikin wannan:

Dukkan power plant yana iya gudanar da sub-systems masu haka.

• Sub-system A: An sanya a cikin main-components of power plant (Turbine, Condenser, Pump, Boiler) don generate power.

• Sub-system B: An sanya a cikin stack/chimney, inda waste gases an karshen zuwa atmosphere.

• Sub-system C: An sanya a cikin electric generator don convert mechanical energy zuwa electrical energy.

• Sub-system D: An sanya a cikin cooling water system don absorb heat of the rejected steam a cikin condenser da kuma change phase of the steam to liquid (condensate).

Zan yi bincike a cikin sub-system na power plant cycle wanda yana kaɓa da Rankine cycle.

Duk abubuwan da suka fi yawa a cikin Carnot cycle zai iya yan canza a cikin Rankine cycle.

Ideal Rankine Cycle

A cikin vapor cycle, idan working fluid a cikin vapor cycle ya haɗa a kan components of the power plant ba ta da irreversible process ko frictional pressure drop, akwai wannan cycle ake kira Ideal Rankine Cycle.

Rankine cycle yana da basic operating cycle for all power plants inda working fluid yana haɗa a kan liquid zuwa vapor da kuma vice-versa.

(p-h) da (T-s) diagrams yana taimakawa wajen fahimtar aiki a cikin Rankine cycle tare da bayanan da aka bayyana a cikin:

1-2-3 Isobaric Heat Transfer ko Constant pressure heat addition a cikin boiler

Boiler yana kasance large heat exchanger inda heat liberating fuel like coal, lignite, ko oil yana barazan heat indirectly zuwa ruwa a cikin constant pressure. Ruwa yana fara a cikin steam boiler daga boiler feed pump a state-1 da ke compressed liquid da kuma yana haɗa zuwa saturation temperature a cikin T-s diagram a state-3.

Energy balance a cikin boiler ko energy added in a steam generator,
qin= h3-h1

3-4 Isentropic Expansion ko Isentropic expansion a cikin turbine

Vapor daga outlet da ke a cikin boiler yana fara a cikin turbine a state 3, inda yake haɗa isentropically over the turbine fixed and moving blade don produce work done a form of mechanical rotation of the turbine shaft, wanda yake haɗa zuwa electrical generator.
Work delivered by the turbine (Neglecting heat transfer with the surroundings)
Wturbine out= h3-h4

4-5 Isobaric Heat Rejection ko Constant pressure heat rejection a cikin condenser

A state-4, vapor yana fara a cikin condenser. Change of phase yana faru a cikin condenser, inda vapor yana gyara zuwa liquid at constant-pressure a cikin condenser tare da transferring the steam’s heat zuwa circulating water flow through the tubes of the condenser. Change of phase yana faru a cikin condenser, da kuma working fluid leaving the condenser yana cikin liquid state da ke marka as point 5.
Energy rejected in the condenser, qout= h4-h5

5-1 Isentropic Compression ko Isentropic compression a cikin pump

Ruwa yana fara a cikin condenser a state 5 da kuma yana fara a cikin pump. Wannan pump yana rage pressure of the water tare da imparting work during the processes. A units of smaller size and low specific volume, wannan small work zai iya yan canza compared to the work-output of a steam turbine.
Work was done on the pump per kg of water, W51= h5-h1.