Bîşeyên Sistemanê ya Dijîtin Bîstûrî yên Solar

Pênkên Solar

Birrê sîstemê şimşekî electric û solar û pênka solar e. Li bazarde çend tip da pênkê solar hene. Pênkên solar jî wek pênkên photovoltaic nava dike. Pênka solar an jî modûl solar yekê ji seriyê û paralel taybetmend pênkên şimşekî ye.

Potansiyel difference bi vê rêberê pênka şimşekî de yekê ji 0.5 volt e û li gorî vê rêberê divê hejmarê desîrî ji wan pênkan da di seriyê de bibin kirin bi bîyayî ku 14 derê 18 volt bikin ji bo şarazkirina baterî standard 12 volts. Pênkên solar bi yekan bibin kirdin bi bîyayî ku arraya solar biafirandin. Pênkên zaf û seriyê bibin kirdin bi bîyayî ku current û voltage zêdet bike.

Baterî

Li sîstemê şimşekî grid-tie, modûlan şimşekî bi inverter ên bêt nav direct bibin kirdin û ne bi load itself bibin kirdin. Gewraşina ku ji pênkên şimşekî hatiye girta tune constante ne, belki ew bi intensivitê rojaşî şimşekî ya vêre bibin guhert. Evê çêna ku modûlan şimşekî an pênkên şimşekî ne bibin girêdayî equipmentên electric. Herduwayî ew bi inverter bibin girêdayî ku output yekê ji external grid supply synchronized e.

Inverter bibin xoye level û frequency yê power output ji sîstemê şimşekî û herdemê ew bi level yê grid power maintain bikin. Ji ber ku ew power ji pênkên şimşekî û external grid power supply system hatiye girta, level û quality yê power constant dibin dayin. Ji ber ku sîstemê stand-alone an grid fallback ne bi grid bibin kirdin, her çandê variation yê power level di sîstem de dibe bibin kirdin performance yê electrical equipment fed ji wê.

Naha divê hewce be ku level û rate yê power supply yê sîstem bibin xoye. Banka baterî bi parallel ên sîstem bibin kirdin bibin xoye vê. Ji hêla baterî şimşekî electric şaraz bike û baterî bi load directly an through inverter bibin girêdayî. Bi vê rêberê variation yê power quality ji variation yê sunlight intensity bi bîyayî ku şimşekî power system bibin niha uniform uninterrupted power supply maintained bikin.

Normalda deep cycle lead acid batteries bi bîyayî vê kar bibin kirdin. Baterîyan ji bo vê kar çend charging û discharging during service designed ne. Baterî set available li bazar 6 volt an 12 volts ne. Ji ber vê yekê ji wan baterîyan bi series û parallel bibin kirdin bi bîyayî voltage û current rating yê battery system zêdet bikin.

Controller

Evê çêna ku overcharge û under discharge baterî lead acid ne. Hem overcharging û hem under discharging bibin xasabî baterî system. Bi bîyayî ku hewce be ku controller bi sîstem bibin kirdin flow yê current to and fro baterî bibin xoye.

Inverter

Bi tevahî ku electricity produced ji pênka solar DC e. Electricity ji grid supply AC e. Ji ber vê yekê ji running common equipment ji grid û solar system, divê inverter install bikin bi bîyayî DC yê solar system bi AC yê same level as grid supply convert bikin.

Li off grid system inverter bi terminal baterî bibin kirdin bi bîyayî DC coming ji baterî first converted bi AC then fed ji equipment. Li grid tie system pênka solar bi inverter bibin kirdin û inverter ji werdî grid bi same voltage û frequency power bibin girêdayî.

Li modern grid tie system, har pênka solar bi grid bibin kirdin through individual micro-inverter bi bîyayî high voltage alternating current ji har individual pênka solar achieve bikin.

Components of Stand Alone Solar System

A basic block diagram of a stand-alone solar electric system is show above. Here the electric power produced in the solar panel is first supplied to the solar controller which in turn charges the battery bank or supplies directly to the low voltage DC equipments such as laptops and LED lighting system. Normally the battery is fed from solar controller but it can also feed the solar controller when there is insufficient supply of power from solar panel.

In this way the supply is continued uniformly to the low voltage equipments which are directly connected to the solar controller. In this scheme the battery bank terminals are also connected across an inverter. The inverter converts the stored DC power of the battery bank to high voltage AC for running larger electrical equipments such as washing machines, larger televisions and kitchen appliances etc.

Components of Grid Tie Solar System

Grid tie solar systems are of two types one with single macro central inverter and other with multiple micro inverters. In the former type of solar system, the solar panels as well as grid supply are connected to a common central inverter called grid tie inverter as shown below.

The inverter here converts the DC of the solar panel to grid level AC and then feeds to the grid as well as the consumer’s distribution panel depending upon the instantaneous demand of the systems. Here grid-tie inverter also monitors the power being supplied from the grid.

If it finds any power cut in the grid, it actuates switching system of the solar system to disconnect it from the grid to ensure no solar electricity can be fed back to the grid during power cut. There is on energy meter connected in the main grid supply line to record the energy export to the grid and energy import from the grid.

As we already told there is another type of grid-tie system where multiple micro-inverters are used. Here one micro inverter is connected for each individual solar module. The basic block diagram of this system is very similar to previous one except the micro inverters are connected together to produce desired high AC voltage.

In previous case the low direct voltage of solar panels is first converted to alternating voltage then it is transformed to high alternating voltage by transformation action in the inverter itself but in this case the individual alternating output voltage of micro inverters are added together to produce high alternating voltage.

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