Makaranta na Tashar Kuliya ko Makaranta na Tashar Kuliya
Mai hai wa Yadda Rarraba Nigga mai Tashar Turu?
Rarraba nigga mai tashar turu ko kuma rarraba nigga mai tashar turu shine mafi yawan alama a fadada harkokin karamin tashar turu. Ana kiran rarraban nigga mai tashar turu da sunan rarraba nigga mai tashar turu da kuma rarraba nigga mai tashar turu da takawa.
A nan zaka iya koyi cewa yadda rarraba nigga mai tashar turu ya yi aiki.
Tsarin Rarraba Nigga Mai Tashar Turu
Tsarin rarraba nigga mai tashar turu ko kuma yadda rarraba nigga mai tashar turu ya yi aiki yana da tsari na gaskiya. Rarraba nigga mai tashar turu yana da alternator wanda yake shiga da takawa ta takawa. Takawa yana samuwa daga takawa mai girma.
A kan Indiya, ake amfani da bituminous coal, brown coal, da kuma peat a matsayin abincin takawa. Bituminous coal wanda ake amfani da ita a matsayin abinci na takawa yana da mutumiyar volatile matter daga 8 zuwa 33% da kuma ash content daga 5 zuwa 16%. Don samun tsari na girma, ake amfani da coal a matsayin powder a takawa.
A rarraba nigga mai tashar turu, takawa yana faruwa a takawa mai girma saboda fitaccen abinci (pulverized coal) a furnaces na takawa. Wannan takawa yana faɗa a superheater.
Wannan takawa mai girma yana bazu a turbine da ke sauran labaran turbine. Turbine yana da mu'amala mechanical da alternator har zuwa rotor yake za a bazu saboda bazuwar labaran turbine.
Ba a bazu a turbine ba, pressure na takawa yana haifar da kyau da kuma volume na takawa yana ci gaba.
Ba a bayar energy a rotor na turbine ba, takawa yana ci gaba a condenser.
A condenser, ake sauran ruwa mai girma da ake amfani da pump wanda yake condense low-pressure wet steam.
Wannan ruwa mai girma yana ci gaba a low-pressure water heater inda low-pressure steam yana sanya temperature na wannan feed water; yana ci gaba a high-pressure heater.
Don samun fahimta, a ne a bayyana kowane hakka na aiki na rarraba nigga mai tashar turu kamar yadda ake bayyana:
Kafin, pulverized coal yana lalace a furnacen takawa.
Takawa mai girma yana faruwa a takawa.
Wannan takawa yana ci gaba a superheater inda yake sanya.
Wannan takawa mai girma yana ci gaba a turbine a sakamakon.
A turbine, takawa yana sauran labaran turbine inda potential energy na takawa mai girma yana ci gaba a mechanical energy.
Zaberi na Rarraba Nigga Mai Tashar Turu
Ba a bazu a turbine ba, takawa yana ci gaba a condenser.
A condenser, ake sauran ruwa mai girma da ake amfani da pump wanda yake condense low-pressure wet steam.
Wannan ruwa mai girma yana ci gaba a low-pressure water heater inda low-pressure steam yana sanya temperature na wannan feed water, yana ci gaba a high-pressure heater.
Turbine a rarraba nigga mai tashar turu yana da mu'amala mechanical da alternator.
Gabatarwa na Rarraba Nigga Mai Tashar Turu
Rarraba Nigga Mai Tashar Turu Na biyu Yana Yi Aiki Da Tsari.
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su sun hada da ruwa da takawa. Wannan shine feed water da takawa cycle. Tsari na Thermodynamic Ideal wanda ake amfani da rarraba nigga mai tashar turu yana da shi shine rankine cycle.
A takawa, ake sauran ruwa da abinci a air a furnacen takawa, da kuma aikin takawa shine in ba takawa mai girma a tsari da aka fi siffar. Wannan takawa yana amfani a driving the steam Turbines.
Wannan turbine yana da mu'amala da synchronous generator (usually a three-phase synchronous alternator), wanda yake kawo electrical energy.
Takawa mai girma daga turbine yana ci gaba a ruwa a condenser na turbine, wanda yake ci gaba a very low pressure da kuma allows the expansion of the steam in the turbine to very low pressure.
Fadada na condensing operation sun hada da increased amount of energy extracted per kg of steam and thereby increasing efficiency, da kuma condensate wanda yake ci gaba a boiler again reduces the amount of fresh feed water.
Condensate da some fresh makeup feed water yana ci gaba a boiler by a pump (called the boiler feed pump).
A condenser, takawa yana ci gaba a ruwa. Ruwa mai girma yana ci gaba a cooling tower. Wannan shine cooling water circuit.
Ambient air yana ci gaba a boiler ba da dust filtration. Kuma flue gas yana ci gaba daga boiler da kuma exhaust into the atmosphere through stacks. Wannan shine air and flue gas circuits.
Flow of air and also the static pressure inside the steam boiler (called draught) yana ci gaba da two fans called Forced Draught (FD) fan and Induced Draught (ID) fan.
Total scheme of a typical thermal power station along with different circuits is illustrated below.
A takawa, akwai heat exchangers, viz. Economizer, Evaporator (not shown in the fig above, it is basically the water tubes, i.e. downcomer riser circuit), Super Heater (sometimes Reheater, air preheater are also present).
A Economiser, feed water yana sauya a considerable amount by the remaining heat of flue gas.
Boiler Drum yana da head for natural circulation of a two-phase mixture (steam + water) through the water tubes.
Akiri Super Heater wanda yake sauri heat from flue gas and raises the temperature of takawa as per requirement.
Kasance na Rarraba Nigga Mai Tashar Turu
Kasance na steam power plant yana nufin ratio of heat equivalent of electrical output to the heat of combustion of coal. Kasance na rarraba nigga mai tashar turu or plant varies from 20% zuwa 26% and it depends upon plant capacity.
