MHD Generation ko Magneto Hydro Dynamic Power Generation
An MHD generation ko kuma da ake kira magneto hydrodynamic power generation shi ne yadda ake gina energy mai tsarki zuwa energy mai karfi, baya da wani abubuwan da ake yi a kan mechanical energy conversion, wanda ake amfani da ita a duk tsohon masana'antu na gina energy. Saboda haka, a cikin wannan yanayin, za a iya samun tattalin kayan adadin fuel saboda ake kama wani abubuwan da ake yi a kan mechanical energy kuma kuma ake zaba ta zuwa energy mai karfi.
Tarihin MHD Generation
Akwai bayanin da Michael Faraday ya fada su a shekarar 1832 a cikin Bakerian lecture na Royal Society, inda ya shafi abin da ya yi a Bridge na Waterloo a Britain don ina ci gaba daga ruwan Thames a magnetic field na duniya.
Wannan bayanin ya nuna mafarin MHD generation. A lokacin, an yi aiki da kullum a cikin wannan batu, kuma a ranar 13 ga Agusta, 1940, an amfani da wannan bayanin ya shiga magneto hydro dynamic power generation, wanda ake amfani da ita don ina gina energy mai karfi zuwa energy mai tsarki baya da wani mechanical sub-link.
Matsayin MHD Generation
Matsayin MHD power generation shidanci ce da kuma ya faruwa a kan Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, wanda ya ce idan ake koma conductor da magnetic field, ba ake koma voltage a cikin conductor, wanda ya sa current.
Kamar sunan ya nuna, generator na magneto hydro dynamics, wanda ake nuna a cikin hoton, ya shafi abin da ake yi a kan conducting fluid a cikin magnetic and electric fields. A cikin generator na musamman ko alternator, conductor yana da copper windings ko strips, amma a cikin generator na MHD, hot ionized gas ko conducting fluid ya shiga solid conductor.
Electrically conducting fluid ya ci a cikin magnetic field a cikin channel ko duct. Ya fi pair of electrodes a cikin walls na channel a matsayin magnetic field, kuma ya sanya su a kan external circuit don ina bayyana energy zuwa load. Electrodes a cikin generator na MHD suna da matsayin brushes a cikin DC generator. Generator na MHD ya gina DC power, kuma ina zaba ta zuwa AC ana amfani da inverter.
Power da ake gina a kan unit length na MHD generator yana cikin,
Idan u shine velocity na fluid, B shine magnetic flux density, σ shine electrical conductivity na conducting fluid, kuma P shine density na fluid.
Daga cikin equation, ya nuna cewa don samun power density mai yawa na MHD generator, ya kamata a kafo magnetic field na 4-5 tesla da kuma velocity mai yawa na conducting fluid, tare da electrical conductivity mai yawa.
MHD Cycles and Working Fluids
Cycles na MHD suna da biyu, na:
Open Cycle MHD.
Closed Cycle MHD.
Bayanai na types na MHD cycles da working fluids suna da cikin wannan.
Open Cycle MHD System
A cikin open cycle MHD system, atmospheric air na temperature mai yawa da pressure ya ci a cikin magnetic field. Coal ya shiga a combustor a temperature na 2700oC da pressure na 12 ATP, kuma potassium carbonate ya zama seed material don ina zama electrical conductivity. An sanar da mixture a cikin nozzle, kuma an ci ta a cikin magnetic field na MHD generator. Positive da negative ions suna ci zuwa electrodes, kuma suna gina current. Gas an fitar da shi a kan generator. Ba za a iya amfani da air na sama har sai, saboda haka, yana cikin open cycle, kuma an kiran shi da open cycle MHD.
Closed Cycle MHD System
A cikin closed cycle MHD, working fluid ya ci a cikin closed loop. Kuma a cikin haka, inert gas ko liquid metal ya amfani da ita don ina zama heat transfer. Liquid metal yana da electrical conductivity mai yawa, saboda haka, temperature na combustion material ba za a bukaci. Karamin open cycle, ba a kasance inlet ko outlet na atmospheric air, saboda haka, process yana zama simple, kuma fluid yana ci har sai don ina zama heat transfer.
Abubuwan da MHD Generation Ke Da Su
Abubuwan da MHD generation ke da su a cikin methods na conventional na gina energy suna da cikin:
A cikin haka, working fluid ne kawai, kuma babu mechanical parts. Wannan ya kama losses mai mechanical zuwa zero, kuma ya zama operation mai inganci.
Temperature na working fluid ya zama a kan walls na MHD.
Ya taka muhimmiyar ability zuwa full power level almost directly.
Gida na MHD generators yana da price mai yawa da conventional generators.
Efficiency na MHD yana da muhimmiyar efficiency, wanda yana da yawa da most of the other conventional or non-conventional method of generation.
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