Pyrometer na Rada: Wata Bincike na Tsari da Ba Ta ɗauka Da Karamin Jiki

Radiya pyrometer shine wata alama da ya kula masu ra'i ta zai iya tafi mai yawan mutanen da ke kusa daga gida ba ta fara shiga na shi ko kuma tafasa da shi, kamar yadda aka yi wa thermocouples da resistance temperature detectors (RTDs). Ana amfani da radiya pyrometers domin tafi masu ra'i mai yawa da 750°C, inda ya fi kyau ba a fara shiga na shi ko tafasa da shi ba.

Radiya Pyrometer Na Nufin Yadda Ake Tafi Masu Rai

Radiya pyrometer na nufin wata alama mai tafi masu ra'i mai bazuwa da ya kula masu ra'i ta zai iya tafi mai yawan mutanen da ke kusa daga gida ba ta fara shiga na shi ko kuma tafasa da shi. Rai da ya fara shiga na shi ko tafasa da shi ya kunshi irayi da ya samu a kan irayi mai yawa da kuma emissivity, wanda ya nuna yadda ya fara shiga na shi daga wata black body mai daidai. Daga cikin hukumomin Stefan Boltzmann, ana iya kula irayi mai yawa da ya fara shiga na shi a kan wata jismi:

Amsa,

• Q shine irayi mai yawa a W/m$^2$

• ϵ shine emissivity ta jismi (0 < ϵ < 1)

• σ shine konstantin Stefan-Boltzmann a W/m$2$K$4$

• T shine ra'ar ra'i a Kelvin

Radiya pyrometer na da uku mafi girma:

• Lens ko mirror na kula da tattauna irayi mai yawa daga abu a tsakanin zuwa wata alama mai kula.

• Wata alama mai kula wadanda ya kula irayi mai yawa zuwa sinyalin karamin kayan adam. Zan iya kasance resistance thermometer, thermocouple, ko photodetector.

• Wata alama mai magana da ya magana ko ya kula ra'ar ra'i daga sinyalin karamin kayan adam. Zan iya kasance millivoltmeter, galvanometer, ko digital display.

Abunukan Radiya Pyrometers

Ana da biyu abunukan radiya pyrometers: fixed focus type da variable focus type.

Fixed Focus Type Radiation Pyrometer

Fixed-focus type radiation pyrometer na da tubu mai yawa da aperture mai haske a tsakiyar fagen da concave mirror a tsakiyar rage.

An kara wata thermocouple mai yawa a tsakiyar concave mirror a matsayin yadda da ya fi kyau, kafin irayi mai yawa daga abu a tunsa da mirror kuma an kula shi a hot junction ta thermocouple. An kula emf da ya fara shiga a thermocouple da millivoltmeter ko galvanometer, wanda zai iya kula ta da ra'ar ra'i. Fa'idar wannan abunukan pyrometer shine ba ya fara tabbatar da matsayin daga abu zuwa alama ba, saboda mirror ya kula irayi a thermocouple. Amma, wannan abunukan pyrometer na da sauka mai tafi masu ra'i da zai iya kasance suka zama a kan dust ko dirt a mirror ko lens.

Variable Focus Type Radiation Pyrometer

Variable focus type radiation pyrometer na da concave mirror mai adaka da steel mai girma.

Irayi mai yawa daga abu a tunsa da mirror kuma an kula shi a blackened thermojunction wanda an karshen wata disc mai copper ko silver da kuma wires forming the junction an kawo shi. An kula taswirin abu a disc da eyepiece da hole a main mirror. An tabbatar da matsayin main mirror har sai a focus ya kula disc. Kula thermojunction saboda thermal image a disc ya fara emf da an kula shi da millivoltmeter ko galvanometer. Fa'idar wannan abunukan pyrometer shine ya iya kula masu ra'i mai yawa da kuma irayi mai bazuwa. Amma, wannan abunukan pyrometer ya fara tabbatar da koyarwa da koyarwa don kula masu ra'i daidai.

Fa'idoda da Maimaitucinta Radiya Pyrometers

Radiya pyrometers suna da fa'idoda da maimaitucinta musamman da suka faruwa a kan abubuwan alamomin tafi masu ra'i.

Wasu fa'idoda sun haɗa:

• Sun iya kula masu ra'i mai yawa da 600°C, inda wasu alamomin tafi masu ra'i za su fara yare da karami ko kuma zama damu.

• Ba su fara shiga na abu ba, wanda ya iya kula contamination, corrosion, ko interference.

• Su na karamin kula masu ra'i da karamin output.

• Su na da karamin kula masu ra'i a cikin atmospherin mai koroshi ko electromagnetic fields.

Wasu maimaitucinta sun haɗa:

• Sun na da scales mai bazuwa da maimaitucinta da za su faruwar da emissivity variations, intervening gases or vapors, ambient temperature changes, ko dirt on optical components.

• Sun fara tabbatar da kula da maintenance don kula masu ra'i daidai.

• Za su iya kasance manyan da kuma murabba da kula.

Akwai Abubuwa Radiya Pyrometers

Ana amfani da radiya pyrometers domin tafi masu ra'i mai yawa ko inda ba ya fi kyau ba a fara shiga na abu ba.

Wasu misalai sun haɗa:

• Tafi masu ra'i furnaces, boilers, kilns, ovens, etc.

• Tafi masu ra'i molten metals, glass, ceramics, etc.

• Tafi masu ra'i flames, plasmas, lasers, etc.

• Tafi masu ra'i moving objects such as rollers, conveyors, wires, etc.

• Tafi masu ra'i average temperature of large surfaces such as walls, roofs, pipes, etc.

Kudancin Bayanai

Radiya pyrometer shine wata alama da ya kula masu ra'i ta zai iya tafi mai yawan mutanen da ke kusa daga gida ba ta fara shiga na shi ko kuma tafasa da shi, kamar yadda aka yi wa thermocouples da