Zabe na Zabihi na Karkashin Kirkiro da Nazariya

Wheatstone Bridge

Don haka da yaɗa daɗi a cikin jirgin kawar daɗi, Wheatstone bridge yana amfani da ita. Aka ake yi da kammalawa na gida resistors, wanda babbar daɗi, wanda variable resistor, da kuma wanda ba a sani ba, suka fi girma ta hanyar tsohon karamin mafi girma da aka bayyana a cikin wannan. Idan an yi taswira kan current da ke faruwa a kan Galvanometer zuwa zero. Idan an samun zero, maka ƙarin daɗi na electrical resistance zai iya tabbatar da shi a yi amfani da Wheatstone Bridge.

Wheatstone Bridge Theory

Na'urar daɗi na Wheatstone bridge circuit ana nufin a cikin wannan takarda. Wannan shi ne tsohon karamin mafi girma da suka fi girma ta hanyar arm AB, BC, CD, da AD, suna ƙarin P, Q, S, da R.

Daga cikin waɗannan P da Q suna ƙarin daɗi da aka sani, suka fi girma ta hanyar ratio arms. Ana tsara da Galvanometer mai kyau da saukar da shi a kan terminals B da D saboda switch S2.
Ana tsara da voltage source na Wheatstone bridge a kan terminals A da C saboda switch S1 kamar yadda aka bayyana. Ana tsara da variable resistor S a kan points C da D. Zama a kan point D zai iya canzawa tare da kasuwanci variable resistor. Idan current I1 da current I2 ke faruwa a kan paths ABC da ADC.

Idan an yi nasara kan electrical resistance value of arm CD, maka value of current I2 zai iya canzawa saboda voltage across A and C is fixed. Idan an yi nasara kan variable resistance, zai iya canza lokacin da voltage drop across the resistor S that is I2. S is becomes exactly equal to voltage drop across resistor Q that is I1.Q. Thus the potential at point B becomes equal to the potential at point D hence potential difference between these two points is zero hence current through galvanometer is nil. Then the deflection in the galvanometer is nil when the switch S2 is closed.

Now, from Wheatstone bridge circuit

and

Now potential of point B in respect of point C is nothing but the voltage drop across the resistor Q and this is

Again potential of point D in respect of point C is nothing but the voltage drop across the resistor S and this is


Equating, equations (i) and (ii) we get,

Here in the above equation, the value of S and P⁄Q are known, so value of R can easily be determined.
The electrical resistances P and Q of the Wheatstone bridge are made of definite ratio such as 1:1; 10:1 or 100:1 known as ratio arms and S the rheostat arm is made continuously variable from 1 to 1,000 Ω or from 1 to 10,000 Ω.
The above explanation is most basic Wheatstone bridge theory.

Video Presentation of Wheatstone Bridge Theory

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