Sîstema Çarçoveya Şînê ya Bîstî: Planîna & Amalîkirina

1. Baxtiyarî

Gencindina windi têkiliyên kînetîk ya winda dibeke ji bo wergerîn ên mekanîk, û dibekeya mekanîkê bibeteke ji bo wergerîn ên elektrîk—ev ên gencindina windi ye.
Prinsîpê ya gencindina windi dike yên windi bikar bine ji bo piştguh kirina pîvên wind turbine, ku ji ber vê yekê gearbox derbas bike bi xwe rengê ve giran bike, û lêseriya jeneratordan wergerîne.

Di demên çetirandina baranî yên Çîn de, gencindina windi dikare bigere, û destpêkirina wind farm-an dikare digerîne. Yek kompanîya baranî dikare da ku hêzde wind farm-an bidest bike, ku hêsan di herêmên geografî yên din dikin. Di navbera wan de, ji ber mezinahiya wan, her wind farm dikare ji hejmaran sifrekan ji hêla dekerdanan wind turbine bipejebe. Ji ber vê şertan, her wind farm dike ji bo xwe sistemê ya monitorîna baranî peyda bike. Lê, destpêkirina serdemiyayî ya wind farm-an pir rastî dikare were. Ji bo çareserkirina vê pirrastî, bûyerîna central control centers (Central Control Centers) cihê nehatînê.

Bersivîna netwerka û zihnîyeya wind farm-an nivîsandin û efektivîyetên barkirin û bêtirbûnê pêşkêş dike, lê, ji ber vê şertan, kanalên nû yên sergirtina malafîyan dibexwate. Di salanên dawî de, qademeên cybersecurity di serparastiya baranî de hêviya kirin, ku tehdît û pirrastî yên nû yên serperestiya baranîyan derbas bike.

2. Sistemê ya Kontrolê ya Wind Turbine

Ji bo operasyon û parastina wind turbine-yan, sistema kontrolê ya otomatîk têkiliyek hate nehat. Sistema wê dibeke ji bo destpêkirina otomatîk ya turbine, kontrolkirina mekanîzmê ya pitch adjustment, û bingehnin otomatîk ya turbine di şertan normal û anormal de bide. Li ser kontrolkirina, sistema wekî wê dibeke ji bo taskîl û agahdar kirina informasyonan—ji bo mînase, statusê ya operasyon, hêza wind, û dereja wind.

Sistema kontrolê ya wind turbine têkilî hatine:

• Tower Base Main Control Cabinet

• Nacelle Control Cabinet

• Hub Control Cabinet

Wind Power Control Unit (WPCU) dike rêbera kontrolê ya her turbine û distribûyek e di tower û nacelle de.

2.1 Tower Base Control Station

Stationa kontrolê ya tower base—jî namek main control cabinet—dike rêbera kontrolê ya wind turbine, ji bo serbestî yên controller û I/O modules. Controller 32-bit processor bikar bîne, û sistema dike li ser operating system real-time îroşî bike. Li ser kontrolkirina complex logic û komunikasyon real-time bi nacelle control cabinet, pitch system, û converter system via fieldbus, li ser vê yekê turbine dike li ser şertan optimal bike.

Cabinetê ya tower base têkilî hatine:

• PLC master station

• RTU (Remote Terminal Unit)

• Industrial Ethernet switch

• UPS power supply

• Touchscreen (ji bo monitoring û operasyon local)

• Push buttons, indicator lights, miniature circuit breakers, relays

• Heating elements, fans

• Terminal blocks

2.2 Nacelle Control Station

Stationa kontrolê ya nacelle sensor signals ji turbine dikare bike, ku hêsan temperature, pressure, rotational speed, û parametreên environment. Li ser komunikasyon bi main control station via fieldbus. Main controller dike nacelle control rack bikar bîne ji bo management yawing û cable untwisting functions. Ji ber vê yekê, dikare auxiliary motors, oil pumps, û cooling fans di nacelle de bikar bîne ji bo destpêkirina optimal turbine performance.

Cabinetê ya kontrolê ya nacelle têkilî hatine:

• Nacelle PLC station

• Power supply module

• FASTBUS slave module

• CANBUS master module

• Ethernet module (ji bo access maintenance PC local)

• Digital and analog I/O (DIO, AIO) modules

• Circuit breakers, relays, switches

2.3 Pitch Control System

Wind turbine-yan mezin (ji ber 1 MW) têkilî hatine ji bo hydraulic û electric pitch systems. Pitch system front-end controller bikar bîne ji bo regulate pitch actuators of the three turbine blades. Ji bo execution unit of the main controller, dikare CANopen bikar bîne ji bo adjust blade pitch angles for optimal performance.

Pitch system têkilî hatine backup power supply û safety chain ji bo ensure emergency shutdown under critical conditions.

Cabinetê ya kontrolê ya hub têkilî hatine:

• Hub PLC station

• Servo drive units

• Emergency pitch battery and monitoring unit

• Emergency pitch module

• Overspeed protection relay

• Miniature circuit breakers, relays, terminal blocks

• Push buttons, indicator lights, and maintenance switches

2.4 Backup Emergency Safety Chain System

Backup emergency safety chain dike mechanism-a hardware-based protection independent ji computer control system. Ji ber vê yekê, ji hêla kontrolsystema bêsikî, safety chain yêne functional. Li ser connect critical fault conditions—ji bo mînase, ku dikare catastrophic damage to the wind turbine bike—into a single series circuit. Ji ber vê yekê, ji hêla trigger, safety chain dikare emergency shutdown bike, disconnecting the turbine from the grid, û ji bo maximize protection of the entire system.

3. System Architecture and Functional Overview

Sistema monitorîna baranî ya wind farm têkilî hatine:

• Local Wind Turbine Control Units (WPCUs)

• High-speed redundant ring fiber-optic Ethernet network

• Remote upper-level operator stations

Local wind turbine control unit dike rêbera kontrolê ya her turbine, responsible for parameter monitoring, automatic power generation control, û equipment protection. Her turbine têkilî hatine local HMI (Human-Machine Interface) ji bo on-site operation, commissioning, û maintenance.

High-speed redundant ring fiber-optic Ethernet dike data highway ya sistema, transmitting real-time turbine data to the upper-level monitoring system.

Remote upper-level operator station dike operational monitoring center of the wind farm. Ji bo comprehensive turbine status monitoring, parameter alarms, û real-time/history data logging and display. Operators dikare monitor û control all turbines from the central control room.

3.1 Field Control Layer

Field control layer têkilî hatine:

• Tower base main control cabinet

• Nacelle control cabinet

• Pitch control system

• Converter system

• Local HMI (Human-Machine Interface) station

• Industrial Ethernet switch

• Fieldbus communication network

• UPS power supply

• Emergency shutdown backup system

Wind Turbine Control Unit (WPCU) at the field level dike rêbera kontrolê ya her wind turbine. Responsible for real-time parameter monitoring, automatic power generation control, û equipment protection. Her turbine têkilî hatine local HMI interface ji bo on-site operation, commissioning, debugging, û maintenance.

3.2 Central Monitoring Layer

Central monitoring layer dike operational core of the wind farm, providing comprehensive monitoring of turbine status, parameter alarms, û real-time/history data logging and display. Operators dikare monitor û control all turbines from the central control room.

This layer also enables supervision and control of key subsystems, including:

• Hydraulic system

• Meteorological system

• Electric pitch control system

• Gearbox system

• Yaw system and yaw control

Through integrated SCADA functionality, the central monitoring layer ensures efficient, safe, and reliable operation of the entire wind farm.