Sistemin da Dace-dace na Makarantun Kasa: Tashin & Gudanarwa

1. Bayanin

Fitaccen karamin kaya na tafiya a kan fitaccen kaya da mutum don kawo shi zuwa karamin kaya da alama, sannan ya kawo shi zuwa karamin kashi - wannan shine fitaccen karamin kashi.
Bayanin fitaccen karamin kashi suna amfani da kaya don kawo abubuwan da ke gaba mai kawo kaya suka kawo shi zuwa gearbox don zama rarrabe, sannan ya kawo generator suka kawo kashi.

A cikin takaice masu karfi da ke China, fitaccen karamin kashi ya zama yake da yake, da kuma fitaccen bayanin karamin kashi ta zama da yawa. Mafi girman kamfanonin kashi ne za su iya kula da fitacce-fitacce masu karamin kashi, wanda ba a yi a wurare da yawa ba. Da kuma saboda haka, har da kowace fitaccen karamin kashi ya samu systemin karamin kashi. Amma, tsara kungiyar kula da fitacce-fitacce masu karamin kashi ya zama babban abin da ya fi. Don in taimaka waɗannan, an yi Central Control Centers (Masana Kungiyar).

Saboda haka, idan fitacce-fitacce masu karamin kashi suka zama da networking da intelligence, ya zama da shi a yi tasirin mafi girma a kan fitaccen kashi da kuma tsara kungiya. Amma, yana zama da shi a yi wuraren da ake amfani da shi don kula da abokan da suka da fahimta. A shekarun da ya gama, akwai wasu abubuwan da suka faru a kan cybersecurity a sectorin kashi, wanda suka zama da shi a kan tsari da kuma abubuwan da suke da nasara.

2. Systemin Kudin Turbin

Yana bukata systemin kudin da take da ita don kudin da muhimmancinta turbin. Wannan systemi ya zama da shi a yi kudin automatikin kafin ya kawo turbin, kudin abubuwan da ke gaba mai kawo kaya su, da kuma kudin ya kawo turbin a cikin halayen da dama. Idan kuma kudin, systemi na yi aiki da kudin - tattauna bayanai kamar yanayin kudin, karamin kaya, da kuma yanayin kaya.

Systemin kudin turbin na da uku masu aiki:

• Kabinetin Kudin Gida

• Kabinetin Kudin Nacelle

• Kabinetin Kudin Hub

Wind Power Control Unit (WPCU) shine kontroler na musamman da ake amfani a kan turbin, da ake kula da shi a cikin gida da nacelle na turbin.

2.1 Kabinetin Kudin Gida

Kabinetin kudin gida - ko kabinetin kudin gida - shine kokarin kudin turbin, wanda na da kontroler da I/O modules. Kontroler na amfani da 32-bit processor, da kuma systemin na yi aiki a cikin real-time operating system. Yana yi aiki da kudin automatikin da kuma tattaunawa da kabinetin kudin nacelle, pitch system, da converter system a cikin fieldbus, don in zama da turbin ya yi aiki a cikin yanayin da yawa.

Kabinetin kudin gida na da:

• PLC master station

• RTU (Remote Terminal Unit)

• Industrial Ethernet switch

• UPS power supply

• Touchscreen (for local monitoring and operation)

• Push buttons, indicator lights, miniature circuit breakers, relays

• Heating elements, fans

• Terminal blocks

2.2 Kabinetin Kudin Nacelle

Kabinetin kudin nacelle na bincike signals da suka rage daga sensors na turbin, kamar temperature, pressure, rotational speed, da environmental parameters. Yana tattauna da kabinetin kudin gida a cikin fieldbus. Kontroler na main na amfani da rack na kudin nacelle don kudin yawing da cable untwisting functions. Kuma, yana kudin auxiliary motors, oil pumps, da cooling fans a cikin nacelle don in zama da turbin ya yi aiki a cikin yanayin da yawa.

Kabinetin kudin nacelle na da:

• Nacelle PLC station

• Power supply module

• FASTBUS slave module

• CANBUS master module

• Ethernet module (for local PC maintenance access)

• Digital and analog I/O (DIO, AIO) modules

• Circuit breakers, relays, switches

2.3 Pitch Control System

Turbin-turbin masu karamin kashi da suka da 1 MW na zamani suka amfani da hydraulic ko electric pitch systems. Pitch system na amfani da front-end controller don kudin pitch actuators na uku abubuwan da ke gaba mai kawo kaya. A cikin execution unit na kontroler na main, yana tattauna via CANopen don in zama da angles na blade da yawa.

Pitch system na da backup power supply da safety chain don in zama da emergency shutdown a cikin halayen da dama.

Kabinetin kudin hub na da:

• Hub PLC station

• Servo drive units

• Emergency pitch battery and monitoring unit

• Emergency pitch module

• Overspeed protection relay

• Miniature circuit breakers, relays, terminal blocks

• Push buttons, indicator lights, and maintenance switches

2.4 Backup Emergency Safety Chain System

Backup emergency safety chain shine hardware-based protection mechanism da ba a duba computer control system. Idan kontroler na main ya kashe, safety chain zai ci gaba da shi. Yana kula da fault conditions da ke da shakka a cikin single series circuit. Idan an trigger, safety chain zai faɗa emergency shutdown, tare da turbine daga grid, don in zama da shi a cikin maxima protection of the entire system.

3. System Architecture and Functional Overview

Systemin karamin kashi na da uku masu aiki:

• Local Wind Turbine Control Units (WPCUs)

• High-speed redundant ring fiber-optic Ethernet network

• Remote upper-level operator stations

Local wind turbine control unit shine kontroler na musamman da ake amfani a kan turbin, da ake kula da parameter monitoring, automatic power generation control, da kuma equipment protection. Har da turbin na da local HMI (Human-Machine Interface) don on-site operation, commissioning, da kuma maintenance.

High-speed redundant ring fiber-optic Ethernet shine data highway na system, wanda na bincike real-time turbine data zuwa upper-level monitoring system.

Upper-level operator station shine operational monitoring center na wind farm. Yana bayyana comprehensive turbine status monitoring, parameter alarms, da kuma real-time/history data logging and display. Operators na iya bincika da kudin duka turbines daga central control room.

3.1 Field Control Layer

Field control layer na da uku masu aiki:

• Tower base main control cabinet

• Nacelle control cabinet

• Pitch control system

• Converter system

• Local HMI (Human-Machine Interface) station

• Industrial Ethernet switch

• Fieldbus communication network

• UPS power supply

• Emergency shutdown backup system

Wind Turbine Control Unit (WPCU) a field level shine kontroler na musamman da ake amfani a kan har da turbin. Yana kula da real-time parameter monitoring, automatic power generation control, da kuma equipment protection. Har da turbin na da local HMI interface don on-site operation, commissioning, debugging, da kuma maintenance.

3.2 Central Monitoring Layer

Central monitoring layer shine operational core na wind farm, wanda na bayyana comprehensive monitoring of turbine status, parameter alarms, da kuma real-time/history data logging and display. Operators na iya bincika da kudin duka turbines daga central control room.

This layer also enables supervision and control of key subsystems, including:

• Hydraulic system

• Meteorological system

• Electric pitch control system

• Gearbox system

• Yaw system and yaw control

Through integrated SCADA functionality, the central monitoring layer ensures efficient, safe, and reliable operation of the entire wind farm.