Yadda Yana Turon Gidajen DC?

Yadda Yakin DC Generator Yi Aiki?

Taifi DC Generator

DC generator shi wurin da ya kawo rawarfi na kayayyaki zuwa rawarfi na elektrik na musamman ta hanyar addinin electromagnetic induction.

Faraday’s Law

Tana cewa idan mai kawo rawarfa yake yi hakuri a cikin sauki, yana gudanar da manyan sauki, wanda yake haɗa da electromagnetic force (EMF) a cikin mai kawo rawarfa.

Ingantaccen EMF tana nufin da zai iya canza saboda tsarin canzan sauki da mai kawo rawarfa. Idan lamarin mai kawo rawarfa ce ta fiye, za a yi rawarfa zuwa kan bayanin da ke fitowa.

Biyu na abubuwan da suka dace a cikin generator sun hada da:

• Sauki

• Mai kawo rawarfa wadanda suke yi hakuri a cikin sauki.

Idan muna fahimta masu muhimmanci, muna iya magana game da addinin aiki na DC generator. Zaka iya samun muhimmanci a tabbatar da abubuwan da suka dace a cikin DC generators.

Single-Loop Operation

A cikin DC generator da take da loop baka, haihuwar loop a cikin sauki tana haɗa da EMF, sannan yanayin rawarfa tana cikakken da Flemming’s right-hand rule.

A nan, loop baka ta mai kawo rawarfa da tsari na rectangular tana cikin biyu na farkon sauki.

Koyar da loop da tsari na rectangular ABCD, wanda yake yi hakuri a cikin sauki karkashin axis ab.

Idan loop yake yi hakuri daga tsarin vertical zuwa horizontal, tana gudanar da manyan sauki. Wanda a lokacin wannan hakuri, labaran AB da CD tana gudanar da manyan sauki, za a haɗa da EMF a cikin biyu na labaran (AB da BC) na loop.

Idan loop tana fiye, za a yi rawarfa zuwa kan bayanin da ke fitowa. Yanayin rawarfa tana cikakken da Flemming’s right hand Rule.

Tana cewa idan muna koyar da thumb, index finger, da middle finger na alama na musamman perpendicular, thumb tana nuna yanayin hakuri na mai kawo rawarfa, index finger tana nuna yanayin sauki, i.e., N – pole zuwa S – pole, da middle finger tana nuna yanayin rawarfa a cikin mai kawo rawarfa.

Idan muna yi wannan right-hand rule, muna iya samun cewa a lokacin wannan tsari na horizontal, rawarfa tana yi hakuri daga A zuwa B, kuma a kusa na loop, rawarfa tana yi hakuri daga C zuwa D.

Idan muna ba loop yi hakuri waɗanda, tana yi hakuri zuwa tsari na vertical, amma a nan, kusa na loop tana CD, kuma kasa tana AB (kafin a nan tsari na vertical).

A lokacin wannan tsari, hakuri na tangential na labaran na loop tana parallel da manyan sauki. Saboda haka, ba za a haɗa da gudanar da manyan sauki, kuma ba za a yi rawarfa a cikin loop.

Idan loop tana yi hakuri waɗanda, tana yi hakuri zuwa tsari na horizontal. Amma a nan, labar AB tana yi hakuri daga N pole, kuma CD tana yi hakuri daga S pole, i.e., kafin a nan tsari na horizontal kamar yadda aka nuna a nan.

A nan, hakuri na tangential na labaran na loop tana perpendicular da manyan sauki; saboda haka, rate of flux cutting tana da maximum, kuma kamar yadda Flemming’s right-hand Rule tana cewa, a lokacin wannan tsari, rawarfa tana yi hakuri daga B zuwa A, kuma a kusa na loop, rawarfa tana yi hakuri daga D zuwa C.

Idan muna ba loop yi hakuri waɗanda karkashin axis. Lokacin da labar AB tana yi hakuri daga S pole, rawarfa tana yi hakuri daga A zuwa B. Kafin tana yi hakuri daga N pole, rawarfa tana yi hakuri daga B zuwa A.

Duk da haka, lokacin da labar CD tana yi hakuri daga S pole, rawarfa tana yi hakuri daga C zuwa D. Kafin labar CD tana yi hakuri daga N pole, rawarfa tana yi hakuri daga D zuwa C.

Idan muna duba wannan batu da rike, muna iya samun cewa idan labar na loop tana yi hakuri daga N pole, rawarfa tana yi hakuri daga wannan labar daidai, i.e., downward to the reference plane.

Duk da haka, idan labar na loop tana yi hakuri daga S pole, rawarfa tana yi hakuri daga wannan labar daidai, i.e., upwards from the reference plane. Daga wannan, muna iya samun addinin aiki na DC generator.

A nan, loop tana kafa kuma tana sama da split ring kamar yadda ake nuna a nan. Split rings, wadanda suka yi dari cylindrical, tana kafa zuwa biyu na segments insulated from each other.

Muna sama external load terminals da biyu na carbon brushes wadanda suke yi hakuri a cikin biyu na split slip ring segments.

Commutator and Brushes

Split rings (commutators) and carbon brushes tana dakata cewa rawarfa tana daidai by reversing connections as the loop rotates.

Brush Positioning

Brushes tana daidai kafin EMF tana zero when the coil is perpendicular to the magnetic field, allowing smooth current flow.

Working Principle of DC Generator

Muna samun cewa a first half of the revolution, rawarfa tana daidai along ABLMCD, i.e., brush no 1 in contact with segment a. In the next half revolution, in the figure, the direction of the induced current in the coil is reversed. But at the same time the position of segments a and b are also reversed which results that brush no 1 comes in touch with segment b.

Hence, the current in the load resistance again flows from L to M. The waveform of the current through the load circuit is as shown in the figure. This current is unidirectional.

The above content is the basic working principle of the DC generator, explained by the single loop generator model.

The positions of the brushes of the DC generator are so that the change over of the segments a and b from one brush to another takes place when the plane of the rotating coil is at a right angle to the plane of the lines of force. It is to become in that position, the induced EMF in the coil is zero.