Lêgerîna Serastîna Tirbixanên 10kV di Tiranên Daştînan de

Wê ku am darbixînên serdemîn da ku di pêşketina xebitandina sîstemê de bikin, hemî roja bi çalakên baran derbas dikin - wan "parastîkar" sîsteman daxwazan yên navendîn hene, ku ên bexweşên xebitandina bistînin. Bi derbasê ekonomî, daxwazên amna û gûbara sîstemê xebitandin derbas dike. Sîsteman daxwazan yên navendîn yekemîn ji bo stabîlîya trefîn hene, û çalakên baran (ji wekî pirziman rêzik) rola herî rastîn dikin. Malperên malbatî wan in: ① Darbandkirina vêjanên baran yên rêzikên sereke û şakeyên sîstemê di dema pêşketina an transfera vêjan de; ② Biafirandina nîşankirina parastin ji bo amna karkeran di dema pêşketina rêzik de; ③ Alîtina di dema pêşketina. Ji ber malperên malbatî, wan dêbêj jî li ser barkirina wan, amna û pelanîn ji bo karwerdina wan, bi wergerînên kam, û bi giştîn.

Çalakên baran switchgear ne ku divê cih û çarçovekên arc-easy hene. Li ser struktûra, wan dêbêj: nîşankirina parastin di dema veguherîn de (divê lêserîbikin ku nîşankirina parastin ne); dayîn ji bo operasyonên veguherîn bi wergerînên kam; û guhertina vêjanên short-circuit (ji bo pêvajoyên dinamîk û termal, heta wan ne ku veguheztin vêjanên short-circuit).

1. Classification and Comparison of Load Switches
1.1 Classification by Arc - Extinguishing Medium

Çalakên baran li gorî medyanên arc-extinguishing ve beşdar hatine: mineral oil, compressed air, organic-material gas-producing, SF₆ gas, û vacuum load switches. Li ser malperên malbatî, wan guhertinên general-purpose, special-purpose, û specific-application (e.g., motor-operated, disconnector-backed capacitor-bank, frequent-operation, û back-to-back switches) hene.

1.2 Technological Evolution and Advantages of Vacuum Load Switches

Bi derbasê teknolojî, çalakên baranên tradîsyonî (mineral oil, compressed air, gas-producing) hatine lêserîbikin bi SF₆ û vacuum load switches - bi tekmîlî, van îro bi tekmîlî hatine bikaranîn. Testê nîşandan vacuum switches di hewce de yên zafiyên wê hatine bikaranîn:

• Arc Extinguishing Fast: Vacuum arcs extinguish at current zero (due to metal vapor diffusion), with insulation recovery faster than in air or SF₆. Ideal for switching no-load transformers, cables, and overhead lines.

• Safe and Clean: Arcs don't splash, preventing contamination/damage to cabinet components.

• Long Lifespan: Smaller arcing distance, lower arc voltage, and less contact wear mean more switching cycles and minimal maintenance.

• Efficient Operation: Low closing energy for the operating mechanism, simple structure, and easy miniaturization.

• Stable Contact Resistance: No oxidation in a vacuum, ensuring long-term low contact resistance.

2. A New Type of Combined Isolation Load Switch
2.1 Limitations of Traditional Configurations

Load switches traditional have arc-extinguishing devices in series with the main circuit. Their dynamic/thermal stability is limited by arc-chamber design/materials, making them unsuitable for large-capacity systems. Pairing them with disconnectors adds complexity: cumbersome maintenance, slow recovery, frequent upkeep, and high initial costs.

2.2 Introduction to the Fla15/97 Combined Isolation Load Switch

The Fla15/97 outdoor combined isolation load switch addresses these issues and is widely used in European grids.

2.2.1 Main Functions

It integrates the functions of a vacuum load switch, disconnector, and grounding switch - an optimized, multi-functional device balancing technical performance and economic efficiency.

2.2.2 Product Features

• Comprehensive and Advanced: The vacuum arc chamber only handles circuit switching (no load/short-circuit current in the closed position). Fast insulation recovery, minimal contact wear, long lifespan, low contact resistance, and no arc damage to main contacts. Short operating stroke, compatible with small actuators.

• Easy Installation and Maintenance: Interlocked operation between the vacuum switch and disconnector enables one-step opening/closing, preventing misoperations.

• Low Maintenance: Simple structure with a vacuum arc chamber lifespan of 5,000 operations and other components lasting 30,000 operations. The built-in actuator uses patented technology from Germany's Drees.

2.2.3 Technical Highlights

• Innovative Switching Design: Series-parallel switching of vacuum arc chambers (auxiliary arc-extinguishing system) ensures no arc impact on main contacts.

• Built-in Insulated Actuator: Clear separation between main and auxiliary contacts, with faster insulation recovery after opening.

• Reliable Insulation: Copper tension bands maintain insulation distances.

• Compact Operation: Short stroke, compatible with small actuators.

• Long Electrical Lifespan: Minimal main contact wear.

3. Conclusion

As the power industry expands to meet rapid economic growth, distribution networks need simple, reliable, safe, and cost-effective solutions. Traditional "circuit breaker + disconnector" or "drop-out fuse" configurations only partially meet these needs. Outdoor isolation load switches (like the Fla15/97) offer a better balance of functionality and economy.

Data shows load switches are used 10 times more than circuit breakers for distribution line branches in Europe and America. By integrating with other technologies, they're also widely applied in urban distribution networks (e.g., ring main units, cable branches, and customer service lines).

For frontline operators like me, promoting such advanced equipment isn't just about technical upgrades - it's about ensuring grid stability, reducing maintenance burdens, and delivering reliable power to users. As distribution networks evolve, these smart, efficient load switches will become even more indispensable.