Amsa zuwa Tashin Duniya: Wanda Zai Gaji Jerin Kirki na Yanzu?

1.Bayani
A cikin yadda a tattalin arziki, ake yi aiki da koyarwa masu gaba-gaba a fadin duniya don in bincika da koyar da abubuwan da ba suka da SF₆ a cikin gas-insulated switchgear. Duk da haka, gas-insulated switchgear da ba suka da SF₆ ba ta shafi shekaru 1960. A nan, ake amfani da solid insulation materials—kamar epoxy resin—don in gina live components na switchgear, wanda ya haɗa da dielectric strength mai yawa da SF₆, wanda ya ba aiki da rarrabe.

Masu aiki a kan jiragen Japan sun yi aiki da environmentally friendly, SF₆-free solid-insulated switchgear (SIS) da miliyan 50. Wannan abubuwa sun ba da aiki mai kyau, darasi mai kyau, aiki mai kyau a kan maintenance da inspection, da kuma darasi mai tsawo a kan lokacin. Saboda hanyarren sa, SIS units sun fi yawan daidai a kan fitowa da kuma wurare da kusa.

Har zuwa yanzu, an samu waɗanda suka san 6,000 units da ba suka da SF₆ a cikin gas-insulated switchgear, domin aiki da electric utilities, general industrial facilities, da kuma transportation infrastructure. Daga cikin kusan 3,000 units da suka da a utility networks, tushen aiki mai yawa da take rage power outages a nan ya fi yawa da sararin 50+ years ita ce mai yawa da gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) na farko, wanda ya nuna darasinta a cikin gas-insulated switchgear da ba suka da SF₆ ba.

A nan, an kula da wasu units da suka da aiki har zuwa 10-50 years, don in kara evaluation, a cikinsu aikin aging da service life. Abubuwan da aka samu sun nuna cewa aiki mai tsawo ta kasance da 60 shekara.

Duk da haka, Life cycle assessment (LCA) studies sun nuna cewa gas-insulated switchgear da ba suka da SF₆ ba zai iya haɓaka total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions—expressed as CO₂ equivalents—to about 65%–70% of those associated with cubicle-type gas-insulated switchgear (C-GIS). Gas-insulated switchgear da ba suka da SF₆ ba ba suka da fluorinated gases ko any other gases with a 100-year global warming potential (GWP₁₀₀) exceeding 100. Daga cikin GIS, ya nuna darasinta da kuma aiki mai tsawo. Kafin haka, ya haɗa da rarrabe da kuma CO₂-equivalent greenhouse gas emissions mai yawa.

Saboda haka, gas-insulated switchgear da ba suka da SF₆ ba ya nuna aiki mai tsawo a cikin abubuwan da ba suka da SF₆, da kuma za a ci gaba da aiki a cikin harkokin aiki.
— “Long-Term Operational Experience of SF₆-Free Gas-Insulated Switchgear in Japanese Electric Power Utilities”

2.Fassara na Siyasa da Kasa da Siyasa ta Harkar

2.1 Siyasa ta Harkar

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) ta haɗa da global warming potential (GWP) 23,500 times that of carbon dioxide, da kuma ana kiranta a cikin six greenhouse gases under the Kyoto Protocol. Masu aiki da kuma kasa-kasa masu aiki—kamar European Union, United States, da kuma Japan—sun yi siyasa mai sauƙi don in kula da aikin SF₆:

• European Union: Under the F-Gas Regulation, the EU mandates a phasedown of SF₆ consumption, aiming to reduce its use to one-third of 2014 levels by 2030.

• United States: Several states have enacted regulations to limit SF₆ emissions and actively promote environmentally friendly alternative technologies.

• Japan: The Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures explicitly requires the reduction of SF₆ usage and emissions.

2.2 Siyasa ta Kasa

A cikin China, wanda yake da aiki a kan market for power equipment, an yi aiki da koyarwa masu gaba-gaba a fadin bayanin substitution of SF₆:

• "Dual Carbon" Strategy: China has set clear national targets to peak carbon emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. Reducing SF₆ emissions is a critical component of this strategy.

• Industry Standards: State Grid Corporation of China and China Southern Power Grid have issued multiple technical specifications encouraging the adoption of SF₆-free, eco-friendly switchgear.

3. Industry Outlook on SF₆-Free Solutions

As environmental regulations tighten and technology advances, the power industry’s attitude toward SF₆-containing equipment has shifted significantly:

• Phasing Out SF₆:
  SF₆ is not only harmful to the environment but also poses risks of leakage and incurs high maintenance costs. The industry is progressively phasing out conventional SF₆ switchgear.

• Embracing Eco-Friendly Alternatives:
  SF₆-free switchgear—valued for its environmental friendliness, safety, and operational efficiency—is emerging as the new direction for industry development.

4. SF₆ Replacement Approaches and Trends

No. 1 Solid Insulation Technology
Uses solid insulation materials instead of SF₆ gas, eliminating greenhouse gas emissions at the source.

No. 2 Vacuum Interruption Technology
Employs vacuum interrupters to achieve highly efficient and reliable current interruption.

No. 3 Eco-Friendly Gaseous Alternatives
Utilizes environmentally benign insulating media such as dry air or nitrogen in place of SF₆.

5. RockWill Electric – Mafi Inganci na EcoRing Series Switchgear
Tsunan da ta fi duniya a matsayin mafi girma a harkar kudin gwiwa, RockWill Electric ta shahara da tashoshin fanni da amfani da su. Ta yi nasarar da abubuwan rike da damar karatu, an samun EcoRing Series SF₆-free gas-insulated switchgear.

Mafi Inganci

• Amfani da 35kV-Level Maintenance-Free Operation: Kamar gas da ba a yi sakamakewa (da rate of leakage ≤ 0.1%/year) da kuma abubuwan rike da suka da damar karatu sun zama babban muhimmanci wajen kawo yawan aiki da yan gwaji. Yana da tsari wajen kawo yawan aiki da yan gwaji da kuma kammalawa da kusan kudin da kadan da kusa da 60% musamman zuwa switchgear da ya fi gaba.

• Mafi Inganci na Amfani da Kudin Da Kusa: An fito da vacuum interrupters don kawo yawan arc extinction da kuma high-precision current/voltage transformers, wanda ke taimaka wajen daidaita short-circuits, overvoltage, da kuma voltage fluctuations. Ana iya da amfani da kudin da kusa da rate of ≥ 99.98% hatta a cikin yankunan da ke da dalilai (misali, high humidity, dust, ko extreme temperatures).

• Kudin Da Kusa da Gas Insulation: An amfani da Low-GWP environmental protection gas (compliant with IEC 61730 standards) don kawo yawan greenhouse gas emissions; kamar gas da take da tsari mai kafa yana kawo yawan leakage da kuma damar mutanen da suke amfani da ita. Yana da amfani da kudin da kusa da corrosion and pollution, yana da kyau don amfani a cikin kuma kan basa da kan gaba.

• Tsari Mai Kafa da Smart Integration: Tsarin modular da mai kafa yana kawo yawan space da 40% musamman zuwa air-insulated switchgear, yana da kyau don amfani a cikin wurare da ke da kusa da sabon spaces like urban underground substations. Yana da amfani da integration with intelligent monitoring systems don track gas pressure, temperature, and operating status in real time, enabling predictive fault management.

EcoRing Series SF₆-free gas-insulated switchgear yana da mafi inganci na kudin da kusa, da kuma amfani da kudin da kusa da kuma tsari mai kafa. Yana da amfani da kudin da kusa da kuma taimakawa wajen kawo yawan switchgear da ya fi gaba (misali, KYN61) da kuma SF₆-based CGIS switchgear, yana bayar da amfani da kudin da kusa da kuma taimakawa wajen kawo yawan power systems.