LTB da DTB da GIS: Tashin Karshe Fadada Kirkiro

Ma'anar mutanen da na kusa ce ta gaskiya, kuma da yake amfani da ita don kofin (kusan, kofin) da kula (kula, kula) masana, tashirin, ko kayan abu mai daidai—kamar tsohon wakilin da ke tsaro ko bankin kapasita. Idan yanayi na gudummawa ya faru a cikin jirgin gida, yanayin hanyar da suka zama suna yi kofi ta gaskiya don kofin kayan abu ko kofin yanayi, kuma tana ba da hakkin rayuwa da tushen jirgin gida.

Gaskiya ta gaskiya ce wata irin wasu kan gaskiya—ko kuma ana kiran “gaskiya kan gaskiya”—da shi ne wata daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ake amfani da su a birnin jirgin gida. Amma saboda hukumarun tushen da suka fi sani a birnin jirgin gida, ma ake iya zama maza a kan birnin jirgin gida don haɗa ko ƙarin bayyana waɗannan abubuwa. A ranar, mutum yana nuna tushen kan gaskiya daga faduwar, amma ba ake iya nuna ko ƙara waɗannan gaskiyoyi ba.

Don haka, yadda ne gaskiya ta gaskiya? Yanzu, za mu magana a matsayin haka game da kungiyoyin da fasahohin gaskiyoyi. Duk da cewa an rarrabe gaskiyoyi mai uku a cikin ranar, kuma suka amfani da hawa kawai don kofin yanayi, gaskiya ta gaskiya suna bukatar nasarorin da suka fiye a cikin kofin yanayi da kula, kuma don haka suna bukatar abubuwan da suke kofin yanayi da suka fiye don ba da tushen da kula da kofin yanayi. (Don samun cikakken bayanai game da abubuwan da suke kofin yanayi, ka duba rubutattuka da za a bazu a gaba.)

An kula gaskiya ta gaskiya a matsayin haka:

1. Kula da abubuwan da suke kofin yanayi:

(1) Gaskiya ta gaskiya mai taila: An kula shi zuwa gaskiya ta gaskiya mai taila da gaskiya ta gaskiya mai taila da yawa. A cikin waɗannan, kafin kofin da kula suna nuna a cikin taila, kuma suna amfani da taila da suke kofin yanayi. Saboda nasarorin da suka fiye, waɗannan irin suka zama daɗe.

(2) Gaskiya ta gaskiya mai SF₆ ko gas mai kyau: Suna amfani da sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) ko wasu gas mai kyau a matsayin abubuwan da suke kofin yanayi da kula.

(3) Gaskiya ta gaskiya mai kasa: Kafin kofin da kula suna nuna a cikin kasa, kuma kofin yanayi suna nuna a cikin kasa.

(4) Gaskiya ta gaskiya mai kwallon kofin: Suna amfani da abubuwan da suke kofin yanayi mai kwallon kofin, wanda suka gada a cikin kofin yanayi, kuma suka nuna gas don kofin yanayi.

(5) Gaskiya ta gaskiya mai hawa mai kasa: Suna amfani da hawa mai kasa don kofin yanayi.

(6) Gaskiya ta gaskiya mai maganet: Suna amfani da maganet a cikin hawa don kofin yanayi, kuma kofin yanayi suna nuna a cikin maganet, kuma suna kofin yanayi.

Yanzu, gaskiya ta gaskiya suna amfani da gas—kamar SF₆ ko gas mai kyau—a matsayin abubuwan da suke kofin yanayi da kula. A matsayin uku, gaskiya ta gaskiya mai kasa suna yawan sama a kasuwanci. Fassara mai kasa ta gaskiya ta gaskiya ta gama a matsayin 66 kV da 110 kV, inda an gina da ci gaskiya ta gaskiya mai kasa da kula.

2. Kula da wurin da ake sa:

Na birni da na gwargwadon birni.

Duk da cewa, idan ake amfani da tushen da suka tura, gaskiya ta gaskiya suna kula zuwa uku irin fasahohin:

1) Live-Tank Circuit Breaker (LTB):
An kira shi kawai LTB. Ta haka, wannan shi ne gaskiya ta gaskiya da kafin kofin da kula a cikin kofin da ake tura da tsakiyar kasa. Structurally, it features a post-type insulator design. The interrupter is at high potential, enclosed within a porcelain or composite insulator, and insulated from ground via support insulators.

Key advantages: Higher voltage ratings can be achieved by connecting multiple interrupter units in series and increasing the height of the support insulators. It is also relatively low-cost.

Equipment based on LTB forms Air-Insulated Switchgear (AIS), and substations built with AIS are known as AIS substations. These offer low investment and simple maintenance but require large land areas and frequent upkeep. They are well-suited for rural or mountainous regions where space is abundant, environmental conditions are favorable, and budgets are limited.

2) Dead-Tank Circuit Breaker (DTB):
Also abbreviated as DTB. Defined as a circuit breaker in which the interrupter chamber is enclosed in a grounded metal tank. The conductive path is led out through bushings.

Crucially, the fundamental difference between LTB and DTB lies in grounding: in DTB, the tank is at earth potential.

Advantages include the ability to integrate current transformers (CTs) directly onto the bushings, compact structure, significantly reduced footprint compared to LTB, better environmental resilience (suitable for harsh conditions), and lower center of gravity—resulting in superior seismic performance. The main drawback is higher cost.

Switchgear based on DTB is known as Hybrid Gas-Insulated Switchgear (HGIS), and the resulting substation is called an HGIS substation.

3) Fully Enclosed Combined Structure – Gas-Insulated Metal-Enclosed Switchgear, commonly referred to as GIS (Gas-Insulated Switchgear) in high-voltage applications. This term broadly covers such equipment. The circuit breaker component itself may also be specifically called a GCB (Gas-Insulated Circuit Breaker).

While similar to DTB in that the interrupter is enclosed, GIS differs in that it integrates not just the circuit breaker but also other essential substation components—including disconnectors, earthing switches, instrument transformers, surge arresters, and busbars—all sealed within a grounded metal enclosure filled with pressurized SF₆ (or alternative insulating gas). Connections to external overhead lines are made via bushings or dedicated gas compartments.

Substations built this way are known as GIS substations (or Gas-Insulated Substations per IEEE standards). GIS is ideal for urban areas where land is expensive, or for critical facilities like large hydropower or nuclear plants that demand ultra-high reliability.

By now, the distinctions among high-voltage circuit breaker types—LTB, DTB, GCB—and the corresponding substation configurations—AIS, HGIS, GIS—should be clear.