Uređaj za upravljanje prekidačima IEE-Business u visokonaponskim podstanicama
Sažetak upravljanja visokonaponskim prekidačem s inteligentnim elektroničkim uređajima (IED)
Uvod
Inteligentni elektronički uređaji (IEDs) revolucionirali su upravljanje i automatizaciju visokonaponskih (HV) prekidača u pretvorama. Integriranjem napredne digitalne tehnologije, IED-ovi omogućuju stvarnovo vremenu nadzor, upravljanje i kontrolu iz centraliziranog udaljenog centra, unapređujući učinkovitost, pouzdanost i sigurnost sustava snage.
Instalacija i integracija
Kontrolni IED za prekidač može se instalirati ili unutar ormara prekidača na području prekidača ili u relé/kontrolnoj sobi. Važno je napomenuti da funkcije poput Neuspjeha prekidača (BF), Automatskog zatvaranja (AR) i Nadzora kruga (CS) obično nisu integrisane u IED za kontrolu prekidača, već se mogu obraditi odvojeno zaštitnim reléima ili drugim uređajima.
Konsolidacija signala
U nekim primjenama u pretvorama, umjesto da svaki zaštitni ili kontrolni IED povezan s istim prekidačem ima zasebne žice za isključivanje/zatvaranje, jedan IED za kontrolu prekidača može konsolidirati sve signale za isključivanje ili zatvaranje s više IED-ova. Ovaj pristup pojednostavljuje žičanje i smanjuje broj spojeva, čime se sustav čini učinkovitijim i lakšim za održavanje.
Nadzor i pomoćne funkcije
IED za kontrolu prekidača kontinuirano nadgleda stanje prekidača, uključujući:
Stanje položaja: otvoreno, zatvoreno ili među-polozaj.
Razine tlaka: hidraulički, pneumaticki ili plinski tlak, koji su ključni za ispravnu operaciju.
Pomoćne kontakte: koriste se za pružanje informacija o stanju srodnim IED-ovima
Dodatno, IED pruža nekoliko pomoćnih funkcija:
Funkcija protiv ponovnog zatvaranja: sprečava prekidač da se zatvori dok nije riješen uzrok neuspjeha. Ako postoji funkcija protiv ponovnog zatvaranja u samom prekidaču, treba onemogućiti funkciju protiv ponovnog zatvaranja u IED-u kako bi se spriječili sukobi.
Nadzor nad zavojnicama prekidača: nadgleda zdravlje zavojnice za isključivanje i zatvaranje kako bi se osigurala ispravna funkcija.
Nadzor nad tlakom: upozorava operatore na niske razine tlaka i blokira komande za isključivanje/zatvaranje ako je tlak nedovoljan.
Glavne funkcije IED-a za kontrolu prekidača
Prijava informacija o stanju glavnog prekidača: IED prikuplja podatke o položaju i stanju prekidača.
Izvršavanje komandi za isključivanje/zatvaranje: IED može lokalno ili udaljeno izvršiti komande za isključivanje ili zatvaranje putem SCADA, jedinica za kontrolu baze ili zaštitnih IED-ova.
Isključivanje i zatvaranje po fazama: IED može neovisno isključiti ili zatvoriti pojedine faze (A, B, C) ili izvršiti tri-fazne operacije. Međutim, ne uključuje integrisanu logiku za razliku polova.
Funkcija protiv ponovnog zatvaranja: sprečava prekidač da se više puta zatvori tijekom uvjeta neispравности.
Nadzor nad zavojnicama prekidača: osigurava integritet zavojnice za isključivanje i zatvaranje.
Nadzor nad tlakom: nadgleda razine tlaka kako bi se osigurala sigurna operacija i spriječile nesigurne akcije.
Interakcija signala u IED-u za prekidač
Kada dođe do greške u sustavu snage:
Zaštitni IED-ovi otkrivaju grešku i šalju komandu za isključivanje IED-u za kontrolu prekidača.IED za kontrolu prekidača zatim isključuje odgovarajući prekidač koristeći hardverski signal (faza A, B, C ili tri-fazno isključivanje).Nakon isključivanja, IED prikuplja novo stanje prekidača (npr. otvoreno ili zatvoreno) i pruža tu informaciju relevantnim IED-ovima putem hardverskih signala.Dodatne informacije o stanju, poput niskog tlaka, također se nadgledaju i prijavljuju.Signal za isključivanje s zaštitnih IED-ova također se koristi za pokretanje funkcije automatskog zatvaranja (AR), koja pokušava vratiti struju nakon greške. Komanda za zatvaranje AR se šalje IED-u za kontrolu prekidača putem hardverskih signala. Slično tome, signal za isključivanje može pokrenuti funkciju neuspjeha prekidača (BF), a ponovni signali za isključivanje također se hardverski povezuju s IED-om.Udaljene komande za upravljanje (otvaranje/zatvaranje) s RTU/SCADA, lokalnih sustava za automatizaciju pretvorama ili jedinica za kontrolu baze također se hardverski povezuju s IED-om za kontrolu prekidača.
Komunikacija s IEC 61850 i GOOSE
U modernim pretvorama, IED za kontrolu prekidača može komunicirati koristeći protokol IEC 61850, posebno putem poruka GOOSE (Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event). To omogućuje bezzaobilaznu integraciju s drugim inteligentnim uređajima u pretvorama, smanjujući potrebu za hardverskim spojevima i poboljšavajući fleksibilnost i pouzdanost sustava.
Slika 1 ilustrira tipičnu primjenu IED-a za kontrolu prekidača koristeći GOOSE komunikaciju. U praksi, često se implementiraju redundantni mrežni sustavi (Mreža A i Mreža B) kako bi se osigurala veća pouzdanost.
Uloga u automatizaciji pretvorama
IED za kontrolu prekidača djeluje kao digitalni sučelje između sekundarnih uređaja (poput zaštitnih IED-ova, SCADA sustava i jedinica za kontrolu baze) i visokonaponskog primarnog opreme (prekidača). Omogućuje prijelaz s tradicionalnih analognih sustava na potpuno digitalizirane pretvore, omogućujući napredne značajke poput stvarnovo vremena nadzora, automatiziranog upravljanja i poboljšanog obrađivanja grešaka.
Ostale glavne funkcije IED-a za kontrolu prekidača:
Na slici 2 prikazana su funkcionalnost i interakcija signala IED-a za kontrolu prekidača:
Comprehensive Overview of High Voltage Circuit Breaker Control with Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED)
Introduction
Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) play a crucial role in modern substations by enabling advanced control and monitoring of high voltage (HV) circuit breakers. The Circuit Breaker Controller is a specialized IED that gathers information from circuit breakers and sends control commands to them, facilitating real-time management and automation. This device interfaces with traditional analog signal-based breakers through hardwired input/output contacts, converting electrical signals into digital data for communication via the IEC 61850 protocol and GOOSE (Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event) messages.
Key Functions of the Circuit Breaker Controller
Gathering Information from Breakers
Position Status: Open, closed, or intermediate positions.
Control Pressure Status: Hydraulic, pneumatic, or gas pressure levels.
Auxiliary Contacts: Additional status signals such as low pressure, fault conditions, etc.
Hardwired Inputs: The Circuit Breaker Controller uses hardwired input contacts to gather various status information from the circuit breakers, including:
Analog-to-Digital Conversion: The controller converts these analog signals into digital format, making the data compatible with modern communication protocols.
Sending Control Commands to Breakers
Hardwired Outputs: The Circuit Breaker Controller uses hardwired output contacts to send trip or close commands to the circuit breakers. These commands are executed based on instructions received from protective devices, SCADA systems, or bay control units.
Phase-Segregated Circuits: The controller typically provides phase-segregated tripping and closing circuits, allowing independent control of individual phases (A, B, C) or three-phase operations. For a three-phase circuit breaker, it usually provides one close coil and two trip coils.
Communication via GOOSE Messages
Publishing Information to Bay Level Devices: After gathering electrical information from the circuit breakers, the Circuit Breaker Controller converts this data into digital signals and publishes it to bay level IEDs via the process bus using GOOSE messages. This allows other devices in the substation to access real-time status updates.
Receiving GOOSE Messages from Bay Level Devices: When a power system fault occurs or a remote control command is issued, the related protective devices or bay control units publish corresponding GOOSE messages (e.g., trip command, close command). The Circuit Breaker Controller, acting as a subscriber, receives these messages and takes appropriate actions, such as tripping or closing the circuit breaker via its hardwired output contacts.
Repeated Tripping Prevention (Anti-Pump Function)
Preventing Repeated Tripping: If a circuit breaker is manually or automatically closed on a permanent fault and the closing signal persists, the breaker may attempt to close multiple times after each trip. To prevent this, the Circuit Breaker Controller includes an anti-pump function that ensures the breaker trips only once and prevents further closing until the closing circuit is de-energized by the operator.
Configuration Consideration: If the circuit breaker itself has an anti-pump circuit, the anti-pump function in the Circuit Breaker Controller should be disabled to avoid conflicts.
Circuit Breaker Coil Supervision
Close Coil Supervision: The Circuit Breaker Controller can monitor the status of the close coil using auxiliary relays. This is achieved by connecting the terminal to the negative pole of the power supply in series with the normally closed auxiliary contact (52b) of the circuit breaker. If the terminal is also connected to the close coil (CC), the auxiliary relays can provide supervision of the close coil's health.
Trip Coil Supervision: Similarly, the controller can supervise the status of the trip coil using auxiliary relays. This is done by connecting the terminal to the negative pole of the power supply in series with the normally open auxiliary contact (52a) of the circuit breaker. If the terminal is also connected to the trip coil (TC), the auxiliary relays can monitor the trip coil's condition.
Pressure Supervision and Blocking
Critical Pressure Monitoring: The pressure in circuit breakers is essential for their proper operation. Abnormal pressure levels can lead to malfunctions, reduced lifespan, or even damage to the breakers. Therefore, the Circuit Breaker Controller monitors all types of pressure signals (e.g., hydraulic, pneumatic, gas) in the related circuit breakers.
Pressure Block Functions: When a trip or close command is received, the controller implements pressure block functions to prevent unsafe operations. If the pressure is below a safe threshold, the controller will block the execution of the command to protect the breaker. These block functions ensure that the circuit breaker operates only under safe conditions.
Phase-Segregated Tripping and Closing Circuits
The Circuit Breaker Controller typically provides phase-segregated tripping and closing circuits, allowing independent control of each phase. For a three-phase circuit breaker, the controller usually includes:
One Close Coil: Used to close all three phases simultaneously.
Two Trip Coils: One for single-phase tripping and another for three-phase tripping. This design allows for flexible and precise control of the circuit breaker, depending on the specific requirements of the power system.
Conclusion
The Circuit Breaker Controller is a vital component in modern substations, bridging the gap between traditional analog circuit breakers and digital communication systems. By integrating advanced features such as GOOSE message communication, anti-pump functionality, and coil supervision, the controller enhances the reliability, safety, and efficiency of high-voltage circuit breaker operations. Its ability to gather real-time data and execute control commands ensures that substations can operate smoothly, even in complex and dynamic power environments.
