Kula IED-Business na Amfani da Circuit Breaker a Makarantun Kirkiya Masu Daidaito
Ringiminta na Kulaɗi Masu Amfani da IED-Business (IED) na Tsurakar Kulaɗi
Bayanin Yawancin Littattafai
An yi takarda a cikin kulaɗi masu amfani da IED-Business (IED) a tushen kulaɗi. Daga baya an yi takarda a cikin fayilolin kulaɗi a filayin tsakiyar kulaɗi ko kuma a cikin makarantun relay/control. Ya kamata a lura cewa abubuwa kamar Breaker Failure (BF), Auto Reclose (AR), da Circuit Supervision (CS) ba suka zama muhimmiya a cikin IED-Business (IED) na kulaɗi, amma za a yi shi a kan wurare dabamko ko wasu wurare.
Takarda da Integita
Amsa kulaɗi IED-Business (IED) yana iya zama a cikin fayilolin kulaɗi a filayin tsakiyar kulaɗi ko kuma a cikin makarantun relay/control. Ya kamata a lura cewa abubuwa kamar Breaker Failure (BF), Auto Reclose (AR), da Circuit Supervision (CS) ba suka zama muhimmiya a cikin IED-Business (IED) na kulaɗi, amma za a yi shi a kan wurare dabamko ko wasu wurare.
Takarda na Al'amuran Sautin
A wasu filayoyin substation, babu wajen ya fara sautin trip/close gaba gaba daga wurare dabamko ko wurare control IED zuwa kulaɗi gaba gaba, amma ana iya zama amsa kulaɗi control IED guda daya ya fara duka sautin trip ko close daga IEDs gaba gaba. Hakan ya taimaka a kulaƙe kulaɗin kable da kuma ƙara ƙwarewa, wanda ya ba sistemar da zafi da kuma karfin daidaito.
Bincike da Funtunan Daɗi
Amsa kulaɗi control IED yana bincike waɗannan al'amurun kulaɗi:
Hali na Rukuni: Mahaufa, nuna, ko mahaufar nan.
Darajar Pressure: Hydraulic, pneumatic, ko gas pressure, wadannan su ne muhimmiya don inganci.
Fayilolin Daɗi: Ana amfani da shi don bayyana hali na la'akari zuwa IEDs masu la'akari.
Kuma, IED yana ba da funtunan daɗi:
Anti-pumping Function: Yana ba da shi don kulaɗi ba a fi sako har zuwa idan an yanke sababon insafiyar. Idan akwai anti-pump function a cikin kulaɗi gaba, yana bukatar a zama anti-pump function a cikin IED don karkashin ma'ana.
Circuit Breaker Coil Supervision: Yana bincike hali na trip da close coils don hana amincewa.
Pressure Supervision: Yana ba da shi don kulaɗi ba a fi sako har zuwa idan darajar pressure ya ƙarama.
Muhimmanci na Funtunan Amsa kulaɗi Control IED
Acquisition of Primary Switch Status Information: IED yana ƙirƙira bayanan hali da rukuni na kulaɗi.
Execution of Trip/Close Commands: IED yana iya yi amfani da sautin trip ko close a filayin lokaci ko kuma ta hanyar SCADA, Bay Control Units, ko protection IEDs.
Phase-Segregated Tripping and Closing: IED yana iya yi amfani da sautin trip ko close a matsayin phase (A, B, C) ko kuma yi amfani da sautin three-phase. Amma, ba a cikin IED ba ake samu logic integrated for pole discrepancy.
Anti-Pumping Function: Yana ba da shi don kulaɗi ba a fi sako har zuwa idan an yanke sababon insafiyar.
Circuit Breaker Coil Supervision: Yana bincike hali na trip da close coils.
Pressure Supervision: Yana bincike darajar pressure don hana amincewa da kuma ƙara ƙwarewa.
Signal Interaction in Circuit Breaker IED
Idan an yanke sababon insafiyar a cikin systemar:
Protection IEDs sun yanke sababon insafiyar da kuma ba amsa kulaɗi Control IED da sautin trip.Amsa kulaɗi Control IED yana trip kulaɗi masu la'akari a harshe hardwired signals (Phase A, B, C, ko 3-phase tripping).Ba da trip, IED yana ƙirƙira hali na la'akari na kulaɗi (misi, mahaufa ko nuna) da kuma bayyana wannan bayanan zuwa IEDs masu la'akari a harshe hardwired signals.Al'amuran daɗi, misalai hali na darajar pressure, sun bincika da kuma bayyana shi.Sautin trip daga protection IEDs an yi amfani da shi don kawo shekarar Auto Reclose (AR), wanda yake iya kawo amfani ba a kan insafiyar. AR close command an zama zuwa amsa kulaɗi Control IED a harshe hardwired signals. Daga baya, sautin trip zai iya kawo shekarar Breaker Failure (BF), da kuma re-trip signals an zama zuwa IED a harshe hardwired.Amfani da sautin opening/closing daga RTU/SCADA, local substation automation systems, ko Bay Control Units an zama zuwa amsa kulaɗi control IED a harshe hardwired.
Communication with IEC 61850 and GOOSE
A filayoyin substation mai zaman kansu, amsa kulaɗi Control IED yana iya tattara a harshe IEC 61850 protocol, musamman ta hanyar GOOSE (Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event) messages. Wannan yana ba da shi don kulaƙe kulaɗin kable da kuma taimaka wajen karɓar da zafi da kuma amincewa na systemar.
Figure 1 yana nuna halayen aiki na amsa kulaɗi control IED ta hanyar GOOSE communication. A tushen, ana iya yi amfani da network redundant (Network A da Network B) don kawo zafi masu yawan.
Rolin a Filayin Substation Automation
Amsa kulaɗi Control IED yana aiki a cikin digital interface bayan wurare daɗi (misali, protection IEDs, SCADA systems, da Bay Control Units) da kulaɗi masu amfani a harshe high-voltage. Yana taimaka wajen kulaƙe kulaɗin kable da kuma taimaka wajen karɓar da zafi da kuma amincewa na systemar.
Muhimmanci na Funtunan Daɗi na amsa kulaɗi control IED:
A figure 2 yana nuna halayen aiki da signal interaction na amsa kulaɗi control IED:
Comprehensive Overview of High Voltage Circuit Breaker Control with Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED)
Bayanin Yawancin Littattafai
Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) sun taimaka wajen kulaƙe kulaɗin kable da kuma taimaka wajen karɓar da zafi da kuma amincewa na systemar. Amsa kulaɗi Controller yana aiki a cikin digital interface bayan wurare daɗi (misali, protection IEDs, SCADA systems, da Bay Control Units) da kulaɗi masu amfani a harshe high-voltage. Yana taimaka wajen kulaƙe kulaɗin kable da kuma taimaka wajen karɓar da zafi da kuma amincewa na systemar.
Muhimmanci na Funtunan Amsa kulaɗi Controller
Gathering Information from Breakers
Position Status: Mahaufa, nuna, ko mahaufar nan.
Control Pressure Status: Darajar hydraulic, pneumatic, ko gas pressure.
Auxiliary Contacts: Bayanan daɗi misali, hali na darajar pressure, sababon insafiyar, etc.
Hardwired Inputs: Amsa kulaɗi Controller yana amfani da hardwired input contacts don ƙirƙira al'amuran daɗi daga kulaɗi, including:
Analog-to-Digital Conversion: Amsa kulaɗi Controller yana convert these analog signals into digital format, making the data compatible with modern communication protocols.
Sending Control Commands to Breakers
Hardwired Outputs: Amsa kulaɗi Controller yana amfani da hardwired output contacts don zama sautin trip ko close zuwa kulaɗi. Waɗannan commands zai yi amfani ta hanyar instructions received from protective devices, SCADA systems, or bay control units.
Phase-Segregated Circuits: Amsa kulaɗi Controller typically provides phase-segregated tripping and closing circuits, allowing independent control of individual phases (A, B, C) or three-phase operations. For a three-phase circuit breaker, it usually provides one close coil and two trip coils.
Communication via GOOSE Messages
Publishing Information to Bay Level Devices: After gathering electrical information from the circuit breakers, the Circuit Breaker Controller converts this data into digital signals and publishes it to bay level IEDs via the process bus using GOOSE messages. This allows other devices in the substation to access real-time status updates.
Receiving GOOSE Messages from Bay Level Devices: When a power system fault occurs or a remote control command is issued, the related protective devices or bay control units publish corresponding GOOSE messages (e.g., trip command, close command). The Circuit Breaker Controller, acting as a subscriber, receives these messages and takes appropriate actions, such as tripping or closing the circuit breaker via its hardwired output contacts.
Repeated Tripping Prevention (Anti-Pump Function)
Preventing Repeated Tripping: If a circuit breaker is manually or automatically closed on a permanent fault and the closing signal persists, the breaker may attempt to close multiple times after each trip. To prevent this, the Circuit Breaker Controller includes an anti-pump function that ensures the breaker trips only once and prevents further closing until the closing circuit is de-energized by the operator.
Configuration Consideration: If the circuit breaker itself has an anti-pump circuit, the anti-pump function in the Circuit Breaker Controller should be disabled to avoid conflicts.
Circuit Breaker Coil Supervision
Close Coil Supervision: The Circuit Breaker Controller can monitor the status of the close coil using auxiliary relays. This is achieved by connecting the terminal to the negative pole of the power supply in series with the normally closed auxiliary contact (52b) of the circuit breaker. If the terminal is also connected to the close coil (CC), the auxiliary relays can provide supervision of the close coil's health.
Trip Coil Supervision: Similarly, the controller can supervise the status of the trip coil using auxiliary relays. This is done by connecting the terminal to the negative pole of the power supply in series with the normally open auxiliary contact (52a) of the circuit breaker. If the terminal is also connected to the trip coil (TC), the auxiliary relays can monitor the trip coil's condition.
Pressure Supervision and Blocking
Critical Pressure Monitoring: The pressure in circuit breakers is essential for their proper operation. Abnormal pressure levels can lead to malfunctions, reduced lifespan, or even damage to the breakers. Therefore, the Circuit Breaker Controller monitors all types of pressure signals (e.g., hydraulic, pneumatic, gas) in the related circuit breakers.
Pressure Block Functions: When a trip or close command is received, the controller implements pressure block functions to prevent unsafe operations. If the pressure is below a safe threshold, the controller will block the execution of the command to protect the breaker. These block functions ensure that the circuit breaker operates only under safe conditions.
Phase-Segregated Tripping and Closing Circuits
The Circuit Breaker Controller typically provides phase-segregated tripping and closing circuits, allowing independent control of each phase. For a three-phase circuit breaker, the controller usually includes:
One Close Coil: Used to close all three phases simultaneously.
Two Trip Coils: One for single-phase tripping and another for three-phase tripping. This design allows for flexible and precise control of the circuit breaker, depending on the specific requirements of the power system.
Conclusion
The Circuit Breaker Controller is a vital component in modern substations, bridging the gap between traditional analog circuit breakers and digital communication systems. By integrating advanced features such as GOOSE message communication, anti-pump functionality, and coil supervision, the controller enhances the reliability, safety, and efficiency of high-voltage circuit breaker operations. Its ability to gather real-time data and execute control commands ensures that substations can operate smoothly, even in complex and dynamic power environments.
