Paggamit sa IED-Business sa Paghimo sa mga Breaker sa Sirkwito sa mga High Voltage Substations
Sumaryo sa Kontrol sa High Voltage Circuit Breaker gamit ang Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED)
Pangutana
Ang mga Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) naghimo og rebolusyon sa kontrol ug awtomatikong pag-awas sa high voltage (HV) circuit breakers sa mga substation. Pinaagi sa pag-integrate sa advanced digital nga teknolohiya, ang IEDs nagsiguro sa real-time monitoring, pag-manage, ug kontrol gikan sa centralized remote hub, nagpabuto sa epektividad, reliability, ug seguridad sa mga sistema sa kuryente.
Pag-install ug Pag-integrate
Ang circuit breaker control IED mahimong i-install sa loob sa circuit breaker cabinet sa switchyard o sa relay/control room. Importante nga ang mga function sama sa Breaker Failure (BF), Auto Reclose (AR), ug Circuit Supervision (CS) dili kasagaran gi-integrate sa Breaker Control IED apan mahimong mahandle pinaagi sa separate protective relays o uban pang mga device.
Signal Consolidation
Sa pipila ka aplikasyon sa substation, sa wala na sa pagkuha og individual trip/close wires para sa bawat protective o control IED nga konektado sa parehas nga circuit breaker, ang single circuit breaker control IED mahimong mag-consolidate sa tanang trip o close signals gikan sa multiple IEDs. Kini nga approach mosimplify sa wiring ug molabay sa numero sa mga koneksyon, nagpadayon sa sistema mas epektibo ug mas sayon mopahimulos.
Monitoring ug Auxiliary Functions
Ang circuit breaker control IED walay humpay nga monitoring sa status sa circuit breaker, lakip:
Position Status: Open, closed, o intermediate positions.
Pressure Levels: Hydraulic, pneumatic, o gas pressure, nga importante para sa maayo nga operasyon.
Auxiliary Contacts: Ginagamit aron mobulig sa status information sa related IEDs
Padulong, ang IED naghatag og daghang auxiliary functions:
Anti-pumping Function: Nagpreventa sa circuit breaker nga mobalik mog-close hangtud ang cause sa failure adunay solution. Kon may anti-pump function sa circuit breaker mismo, ang IED's anti-pump function dapat i-disable aron mihapos konflikto.
Circuit Breaker Coil Supervision: Monitoring sa health sa trip ug close coils aron siguraduhon nga maayo sila nga functioning.
Pressure Supervision: Alert sa operators bahin sa low pressure conditions ug block tripping/closing commands kon ang pressure dili sufficient.
Main Functions of a Circuit Breaker Control IED
Acquisition of Primary Switch Status Information: Ang IED naggather og data bahin sa position ug status sa circuit breaker.
Execution of Trip/Close Commands: Ang IED mahimo mog-execute trip o close commands locally o remotely pinaagi sa SCADA, Bay Control Units, o protection IEDs.
Phase-Segregated Tripping and Closing: Ang IED mahimo mog-independently trip o close individual phases (A, B, C) o perform three-phase operations. Pero, wala kini nga include integrated logic for pole discrepancy.
Anti-Pumping Function: Nagpreventa sa circuit breaker nga mobalik mog-close during fault condition.
Circuit Breaker Coil Supervision: Ensures the integrity of the trip and close coils.
Pressure Supervision: Monitors pressure levels to ensure safe operation and prevents unsafe actions.
Signal Interaction in Circuit Breaker IED
Kon may power system fault occurs:
Protection IEDs detect the fault and issue a trip command to the Breaker Control IED.The Breaker Control IED then trips the corresponding circuit breaker using hardwired signals (Phase A, B, C, or 3-phase tripping).After tripping, the IED acquires the new status of the circuit breaker (e.g., open or closed) and provides this information to relevant IEDs via hardwired signals.Additional status information, such as low pressure, is also monitored and reported.The trip signal from protection IEDs is also used to initiate the Auto Reclose (AR) function, which attempts to restore power after a fault. The AR close command is sent to the Breaker Control IED via hardwired signals. Similarly, the trip signal can initiate the Breaker Failure (BF) function, and re-trip signals are also hardwired to the IED.Remote control commands (opening/closing) from RTU/SCADA, local substation automation systems, or Bay Control Units are also hardwired to the circuit breaker control IED.
Communication with IEC 61850 and GOOSE
In modern substations, the Breaker Control IED can communicate using the IEC 61850 protocol, specifically through GOOSE (Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event) messages. This allows for seamless integration with other intelligent devices in the substation, reducing the need for hardwired connections and improving system flexibility and reliability.
Figure 1 illustrates a typical application of a circuit breaker control IED using GOOSE communication. In practice, redundant networks (Network A and Network B) are often implemented to ensure higher reliability.
Role in Substation Automation
The Breaker Control IED acts as a digital interface between secondary devices (such as protection IEDs, SCADA systems, and Bay Control Units) and the high-voltage primary equipment (circuit breakers). It facilitates the transition from traditional analog systems to fully digitalized substations, enabling advanced features like real-time monitoring, automated control, and improved fault handling.
Other Main functions of circuit breaker control IED:
In figure 2 show circuit breaker control IED functional and signal interactions:
Comprehensive Overview of High Voltage Circuit Breaker Control with Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED)
Introduction
Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) play a crucial role in modern substations by enabling advanced control and monitoring of high voltage (HV) circuit breakers. The Circuit Breaker Controller is a specialized IED that gathers information from circuit breakers and sends control commands to them, facilitating real-time management and automation. This device interfaces with traditional analog signal-based breakers through hardwired input/output contacts, converting electrical signals into digital data for communication via the IEC 61850 protocol and GOOSE (Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event) messages.
Key Functions of the Circuit Breaker Controller
Gathering Information from Breakers
Position Status: Open, closed, or intermediate positions.
Control Pressure Status: Hydraulic, pneumatic, or gas pressure levels.
Auxiliary Contacts: Additional status signals such as low pressure, fault conditions, etc.
Hardwired Inputs: The Circuit Breaker Controller uses hardwired input contacts to gather various status information from the circuit breakers, including:
Analog-to-Digital Conversion: The controller converts these analog signals into digital format, making the data compatible with modern communication protocols.
Sending Control Commands to Breakers
Hardwired Outputs: The Circuit Breaker Controller uses hardwired output contacts to send trip or close commands to the circuit breakers. These commands are executed based on instructions received from protective devices, SCADA systems, or bay control units.
Phase-Segregated Circuits: The controller typically provides phase-segregated tripping and closing circuits, allowing independent control of individual phases (A, B, C) or three-phase operations. For a three-phase circuit breaker, it usually provides one close coil and two trip coils.
Communication via GOOSE Messages
Publishing Information to Bay Level Devices: After gathering electrical information from the circuit breakers, the Circuit Breaker Controller converts this data into digital signals and publishes it to bay level IEDs via the process bus using GOOSE messages. This allows other devices in the substation to access real-time status updates.
Receiving GOOSE Messages from Bay Level Devices: When a power system fault occurs or a remote control command is issued, the related protective devices or bay control units publish corresponding GOOSE messages (e.g., trip command, close command). The Circuit Breaker Controller, acting as a subscriber, receives these messages and takes appropriate actions, such as tripping or closing the circuit breaker via its hardwired output contacts.
Repeated Tripping Prevention (Anti-Pump Function)
Preventing Repeated Tripping: If a circuit breaker is manually or automatically closed on a permanent fault and the closing signal persists, the breaker may attempt to close multiple times after each trip. To prevent this, the Circuit Breaker Controller includes an anti-pump function that ensures the breaker trips only once and prevents further closing until the closing circuit is de-energized by the operator.
Configuration Consideration: If the circuit breaker itself has an anti-pump circuit, the anti-pump function in the Circuit Breaker Controller should be disabled to avoid conflicts.
Circuit Breaker Coil Supervision
Close Coil Supervision: The Circuit Breaker Controller can monitor the status of the close coil using auxiliary relays. This is achieved by connecting the terminal to the negative pole of the power supply in series with the normally closed auxiliary contact (52b) of the circuit breaker. If the terminal is also connected to the close coil (CC), the auxiliary relays can provide supervision of the close coil's health.
Trip Coil Supervision: Similarly, the controller can supervise the status of the trip coil using auxiliary relays. This is done by connecting the terminal to the negative pole of the power supply in series with the normally open auxiliary contact (52a) of the circuit breaker. If the terminal is also connected to the trip coil (TC), the auxiliary relays can monitor the trip coil's condition.
Pressure Supervision and Blocking
Critical Pressure Monitoring: The pressure in circuit breakers is essential for their proper operation. Abnormal pressure levels can lead to malfunctions, reduced lifespan, or even damage to the breakers. Therefore, the Circuit Breaker Controller monitors all types of pressure signals (e.g., hydraulic, pneumatic, gas) in the related circuit breakers.
Pressure Block Functions: When a trip or close command is received, the controller implements pressure block functions to prevent unsafe operations. If the pressure is below a safe threshold, the controller will block the execution of the command to protect the breaker. These block functions ensure that the circuit breaker operates only under safe conditions.
Phase-Segregated Tripping and Closing Circuits
The Circuit Breaker Controller typically provides phase-segregated tripping and closing circuits, allowing independent control of each phase. For a three-phase circuit breaker, the controller usually includes:
One Close Coil: Used to close all three phases simultaneously.
Two Trip Coils: One for single-phase tripping and another for three-phase tripping. This design allows for flexible and precise control of the circuit breaker, depending on the specific requirements of the power system.
Conclusion
The Circuit Breaker Controller is a vital component in modern substations, bridging the gap between traditional analog circuit breakers and digital communication systems. By integrating advanced features such as GOOSE message communication, anti-pump functionality, and coil supervision, the controller enhances the reliability, safety, and efficiency of high-voltage circuit breaker operations. Its ability to gather real-time data and execute control commands ensures that substations can operate smoothly, even in complex and dynamic power environments.
