Ga wani Yadda Afirka na Tsakiya shine Mafi Inganci a Gasolin SF₆ a Gida-gidan Ring Main Units

1. Tana na Gida da Turanci da SF₆ Gas-insulated Ring Main Units

Tana na gida da turanci suna kula ƙoƙari mai harkar tsakiyar jirgin samun, mai harkar koyarwa, ko kuma ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka haɗa da su da kyakkyawan yin aiki, an yi shi tare da yakin ko tare da karamin sauran abubuwa. Waɗannan ma'adin za su iya ƙunshi fuses don ƙara ƙarin da ƙafa masana ƙarin. Amma, tana na gida da gas-insulated ring main units, da ake fi sani da gas-insulated switchgear, sun amfani da SF₆ gas don ƙara ƙarin da kuma ƙasancewa wuya saboda girman ƙarin, yadda ya jagoranci tsakiyar jirgin samun, ba ta lafiya, da kuma girman kimiyar zuwa, wanda ya baka shi a matsayin babban ƙarin.

2. Dalilai na Rufe SF₆ Gas da Turanci

Saboda abubuwan da ke cewa, SF₆ gas yana da tsarin tsayi ga tsakiyar duniya (GWP), wanda ya ƙunshi shi a cikin sadde 6 greenhouse gases da Kyoto Protocol ke mulki. A matsayin mafi girman da take ƙeɓe tsarin tsayi, China ta ƙara ƙarin tsayinsa ta carbon ta da 48.1% daga ƙarin da ke cikin shekarar 2005 har zuwan 2019, wanda ta ƙara ƙarin targetin ta 2020. Ta haka, tare da hukumomin ƙara ƙarin tsayin ta carbon ta zamani na 2030 da kuma ƙara ƙarin tsayin ta carbon ta ƙarfin ta 2060, ƙara ƙarin tsayin ta carbon yana zama muhimmanci a tattalin aiki na zamanin gida. A nan, rufe SF₆ gas da turanci a cikin switchgear masu ƙarin mai zurfi yana ƙunshi lambar 5 dalili:

2.1 Tsarin Tsayi na Turanci Da 0 GWP

Tsarin tsayi (GWP) yana nuna yadda wani abu mai tsayi ya ƙara ƙarin tsayin ta duniya daga wani abu mai tsayi da ke cikin karshen tsayin ta CO₂ a lokacin daɗi. GWP na SF₆ yana ƙara ƙarin 23,900 daga GWP na CO₂, wanda ya ƙunshi shi a cikin sadde 6 greenhouse gases da Kyoto Protocol da European Directive 2003/87 ke mulki saboda darajar da ke biye. Ƙarin load switch ko circuit breaker compartment yana ƙunshi kusan 1 kg na SF₆; idan an yi gaba, wannan zai ƙara ƙarin da ake ƙara ƙarin ta ƙarin ta duniya ta ƙarfin ta 200,000 km a cikin karshen tsayin ta duniya.

Amsa da akwai kusan 30 million switchgear units a duniya, ita ce ya ƙara ƙarin da ake canza SF₆. Turanci, da GWP da 0, wanda ake ƙunshi 21% oxygen da 79% nitrogen, yana ƙara ƙarin amsa da ya ƙara ƙarin tsayin ta duniya, wanda ya ƙunshi shi a cikin ƙarin mai zurfi. Tabbataccen bayanin bayanan da ke daban-daban daga SF₆ da turanci a cikin tafira 1.

2.2 Turanci Ba Sai Iya Karya Ko Bace

Gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear da ake ƙara ƙarin tsayin ta duniya ba a yi amfani da SF₆ gas a lokacin ƙofin da kuma ƙungiyar, wanda ya ƙara ƙarin da ake buƙata gas recovery da protection systems. Yana da ƙarfin da ya ƙara ƙarin da ake ƙara, kuma ƙarfin da suka ƙara ƙarin ba na da abubuwa mai lafiya, wanda ya ƙara ƙarin da ake ƙara ƙarin tsayin ta duniya. Wadannan ma'adin ba suka ƙara ƙarin tsayin ta duniya a lokacin ƙarfin ta ƙarfin, ana iya amfani da su a cikin ƙarin mai zurfi da kuma ƙarin mai zurfi, da kuma ba a buƙata ƙarfin. Amma, SF₆ gas switchgear ya ƙara ƙarin da ake ƙara SF₆ gas a cikin system mai sarrafa cikin ƙarfin ƙarin ƙarin, don ƙara ƙarin gaba da ƙara ƙarin tsayin ta duniya.

Idan an buƙata ƙarfin, an amfani gas recovery units don ƙara gas a kan ƙarfin. Idan an ƙara ƙarin gas don ƙara ƙarin abubuwan da ba a da lafiya, gas yana iya amfani da shi. Amma, a lokacin ƙarfin, SF₆ zai iya ƙara ƙarin abubuwan da ba a da lafiya, wanda ya ƙunshi used SF₆ gas a cikin abubuwan da ba a da lafiya. Cost of disposing of SF₆ gas yana ƙara ƙarin 20% daga ƙarin da ke cikin ƙarfin. Amfani da turanci yana ƙara ƙarin da ake canza SF₆, wanda ya ƙara ƙarin da ake ƙara ƙarin tsayin ta duniya da kuma ƙara ƙarin cost da procedures da ke ƙara ƙarin bace da kuma ƙara ƙarin gas.

2.3 Turanci Yana Ƙara ƙarin Abubuwan da Ya ƙara ƙarin Don Operators

Wadannan SF₆-free switchgear da ake amfani da turanci yana ƙara ƙarin abubuwan da ya ƙara ƙarin don operators: ① Yana ƙara ƙarin ƙarin mai zurfi da ake ƙara ƙarin a cikin ƙarin SF₆ da ake ƙara ƙarin, da ƙarfin yana ƙara ƙarin, saboda haka ba a buƙata training da ba; ② Three-position load switch a cikin gas-insulated switchgear da ake ƙara ƙarin tsayin ta duniya yana amfani parallel vacuum interruption technology, wanda yana ƙara ƙarin ƙarfin mai zurfi da ake ƙara ƙarin, don ƙara ƙarin combined appliance solutions, wanda ya ƙara ƙarin customers economical and reliable transformer protection.

2.4 Turanci Yana Ƙara ƙarin Lafiya da Kyakkyawa

Switchgear masu ƙarin mai zurfi suna amfani a cikin ƙarin mai zurfi, saboda haka lafiya da kyakkyawa suna ƙara ƙarin waɗannan abubuwan da ake ƙara ƙarin. Turanci, da ake ƙara ƙarin tsayin ta duniya, yana ƙara ƙarin ƙarfin da ake ƙara ƙarin tsayin ta duniya. Yana da ƙarfin da ya ƙara ƙarin da ake ƙara ƙarin tsayin ta duniya, kuma idan an yi gaba, ba zai ƙara ƙarin lafiya da ƙarfin. Ba zai ƙara ƙarin lafiya da ƙarfin da ake ƙara ƙarin installation da kuma ƙara ƙarin, da kuma ba a buƙata ƙarfin da ake ƙara ƙarin ƙarfin. Amma, unverified proprietary gases zai iya ƙara ƙarin lafiya da kyakkyawa.

2.5 Turanci Yana Ƙara ƙarin Abubuwan da Ya ƙara ƙarin Don Regulations

Many companies are taking significant steps to drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These strategic efforts are driven not only by a desire for greater sustainability but also by strong regulatory pressures. In Europe, the use, handling, decommissioning, monitoring, and inventory record-keeping of SF₆ gas are strictly regulated. In China, relevant policies and measures have been introduced since 2012 to regulate the use and recovery of SF₆ gas. According to standards issued by the Standardization Administration of China, SF₆ gas emissions generated during the maintenance and decommissioning of SF₆ equipment have been included in the greenhouse gas accounting and reporting scope for Chinese power grid enterprises.

Given the expectation of increasingly stringent future regulations, adopting environmentally friendly alternative products that are not subject to future regulatory constraints is a prudent choice to ensure operational continuity. Dry air medium-voltage switchgear provides reliable insulation and interruption performance without being affected by environmental regulations or carbon taxes. As the world's second-largest economy and largest energy consumer, China plays a pivotal role in the global energy transition. Recently, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee proposed key socio-economic development goals for China's 14th Five-Year Plan period, explicitly stating that "energy resource allocation should become more rational, utilization efficiency should significantly improve, and total emissions of major pollutants should continue to decrease."

In summary, dry air as an insulating medium offers the following advantages: ① environmentally friendly and green; ② good thermal conductivity; ③ no need for ventilation or protective equipment during equipment production and maintenance; ④ metal particles generated during production or use pose minimal hazard to dry air-insulated switchgear.

3 Conclusion

The new type of ring main unit uses dry air as an insulating medium, replacing the environmentally harmful SF₆ gas, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions. At the end of its life cycle, over 90% of the materials can be recycled. Employing a slight positive pressure gas insulation method reduces the possibility of gas leakage, enhancing safety and reliability. High-voltage components are completely sealed within a metal enclosure, ensuring safe operation in harsh environments such as high altitudes, severe cold, humidity, and pollution. Vacuum switches and three-position isolation/grounding switches support both manual and electric operation, and the switchgear features intelligent capabilities.

Although environmentally friendly ring main units have made progress in intelligence, greenness, and environmental protection, the insulating performance of nitrogen and dry air under the same pressure is only about one-third that of SF₆, particularly in high-voltage GIS products, where no viable replacement for SF₆ has yet been found. Therefore, further efforts are needed in the development of environmentally friendly gases.