Maelezo ya Viwanja vya Kupambana: Ni Nini na Wanafanya Nini?

Ni ni S-Parameters?

S-parameters, ambavyo pia inatafsiriwa kama scattering au S-matrix parameters, hushiriki jinsi nishati ya RF hutumika kwenye mtandao wa viwanja vingine. Wanahudumu kama muonekano wa sifa za kitambulishi cha RF na kuelezea jinsi nishati hutumika kwenye mtandao wa umeme.

Mfumo wa S-parameters hupata vipimo kama vile uzito, upungufu, impedance, phase group delay, na VSWR. S-parameters huchukua mtandao mgumu na kuhusu kama “black box” na kuonyesha kile kinachotokea signal ndani ya ule mtandao. Black box inaweza kuwa na chochote, kutoka kwa resistor, transmission line, hadi integrated circuit.

Wakati unapojadili S-parameters, neno “scattering” linavyoelezewa ni jinsi current na voltage zinazotumika kwenye mstari wa transmission zinaathiriwa wakati wanapokuwa na contact na discontinuity iliyotokana na introduction ya mtandao kwenye mstari wa transmission.

S-parameters zinatumika sana katika uhandisi wa umeme, electronic, na mawasiliano kwa kutoa maelezo mafanikio ya sifa za linear electrical networks, hasa ambazo zinajihusisha na high frequencies na zinazopata steady-state input signals na amplitudes ndogo.

S-parameters zinaweza kutumiwa kwenye kingineko frequency, lakini zinatumika zaidi kwenye radio frequency (RF) na microwave networks kwa sababu signal power na energy considerations zinazopimwa ni rahisi kuliko currents na voltages. Pimwaji wa S-parameters yanapaswa kujumuisha information ya frequency pamoja na characteristic impedance au system impedance kwa sababu S-parameters ni dependent kwa frequency.

Mtandao au circuit huunganisha viundombinu mbalimbali vya umeme kama vile resistors, inductors, na capacitors. Port ni nyuzi zozote ambazo signal inaweza kukuja au kutoka kwenye mtandao, au nyuzi zozote ambazo energy inaweza kutumika au kutokomekwa.

Electrical network, au “black box,” iliyocharacterized using S-parameters inaweza kuwa na port zozote N, kama inavyoonyeshwa kwenye Figure 1. Ports ni maeneo ambayo currents zinazotumika huenda au kutoka kwenye mtandao. Mara nyingi hizi huorodheshwa kama pairs of “terminals”.

S-Parameters Huonyesha Nini?

S-parameters ni complex numbers (numbers wenye real na imaginary parts) ambazo zinaweza kutumiwa moja kwa moja au kwa matrix ili kuonyesha amplitude na/or phase of reflection au transmission characteristics kwenye frequency domain.

Wakati complex time-varying signal inatumika kwenye linear network, amplitude na phase shifts zinaweza kubadilisha waveform katika time-domain kwa kiasi kubwa. Kwa hiyo, amplitude na phase information kwenye frequency domain ni muhimu. S-parameters ni parameter unaosaidia tayari information na ana faida nyingi kwa characterization ya devices za high-frequency.

Wakati unaelezea set of S-parameters, information ifuatayo inapaswa kutolewa:

• Frequency

• Nominal characteristic impedance (maranyundo 50 Ω)

• Allocation of port numbers

• Conditions which may affect the network, such as temperature, control voltage, and bias current, where applicable

Maelezo Mengine kuhusu S-Parameters

Kulingana na approach ya S-parameters, electrical network ni “black box” ambaye ina variety of interconnected basic electrical circuit components, including resistors, capacitors, inductors, na transistors, na inasimamia communication na circuits zingine kwa njia ya ports.

S-parameter matrix, ambayo inaweza kutumika kupata response ya mtandao kwa signals applied to the ports, ni square matrix of complex numbers ambayo inaserve kama characteristic of the network. Electrical network described by S-parameters inaweza kuwa na number of ports.

S-parameters zinatoa njia versatile ya kutafsiri sifa mbalimbali za networks au components, including parameters like gain, return loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), network stability, na reflection coefficient.

Source: Electrical4u.

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