Sîstema Bêşdarbûnî

Sistematê Bîzînandina

Pêşnûs

Sistematê bîzînandina yek parçeyên binbasdar ên makinên serbesta da, ku wekheviya hewceyên kurrî yên ji bo bendedekan rota dikare. Di navbera wê de, ew dizayn kirin taybetmendiyekê bi bîrkarina baranê di bendeka kurrî de bigihîne. Tayanên pîvan yên ku sistematê bîzînandina ideal hilbijêrin hene: bêdeng guhertina li jêr her çend û amûra kar, rêzikên kontrolê basit, hêsanê hatine, stabilitas, û pêşketina transîentê çabdar.

Miha bîzînandinê ku ji alîkarê serbest hewce dike têgihî ye ji miran factor, belkê dêwekî, faktora nîrgirtinê, û vînesa maşîna. Dêwekan mezin, vînestên biçûk, û faktoran nîrgirtinê ya derveger hewceyên bîzînandinê mezin di sisteman de diben.

Di rûpeyekî bîzînandina de, har alternatordan zimmetar wekî generator xebit. Di sistematê bîzînandina navberan de, du sê exciters bikaranîn bi tenê dikevina bar - bar. Ew metoda navberan ekonomîk e, lê biriya li ser sisteman dikare bêtirina negatif li ser alternatoran ên di stasyonê de werdigire.

Cûrekan Sistematê Bîzînandina

Sistematê bîzînandina divê bi serxetên ziman taybetmend bike, ji ber ku şeş cûreyan pîvan an: Sistemê Bîzînandina DC, Sistemê Bîzînandina AC, û Sistemê Bîzînandina Statik. Li ser bi vê, heye sub - cûrekan siva Sistemê Bîzînandina Rotor û Sistemê Bîzînandina Paşver, ku li vir digerandin detayda bibin.

Sistemê Bîzînandina DC

Sistemê bîzînandina DC divê du exciters: exciter bingeh û exciter pilot. Regulatorê otomatîkê tenîn (AVR) rolê pîvan li ser sistemê da bikar dike tayin bikin di outputan de exciters. Wê tayin dikare li ser kontrolkirina teqnik terminal voltage alternator. Inputan ji transformatorê baran bi AVR têkerdiyek e, ku hewce dike ku baran alternator bi ser şertên biriyan dibedest bikin.

Lê field breaker di pozîsyona wanî de ye, resistor discharge field piştre di bendeka field de xebit. Ji ber inductive natureya wanî bendeka field, resistorê ew behtariyek e ji bo dissipation energy storage, bi tenê bixebitina komponentên sisteman ji vajînên tenzorên inducê.

Sistemê Bîzînandina DC (Digerandin)

Hem exciter bingeh hem exciter pilot bi du rêzikên bike: abordam dikeji main shaft ji maşîna serbesta, an ba motor externe independent. Exciterên abordam zimmetar tercih dike. Ji ber in, ew integritiyên sistemê operasyonî unitê nehatîne, bi tenê bixebitina procesê bîzînandina ji ser disruptivên externe.

Exciter bingeh genelkiya rating voltage 400 volts, û kapasiteya wê navbera 0.5% kapasiteya alternator. Lêm turbo - alternatoran, problemên bi exciters niha hewce dike. Vînestên mezin ên maşînan wekheviya wear and tear zêde, exciters ji bo vê yekê zêde girîngin bêtirin. Bi tenê vê, exciters motor-driven separate instaled dikeji standby units, ready ji bo take over li ser her malpera exciters bingeh.

Sistemê Bîzînandina AC

Sistemê bîzînandina AC integrasyon alternator û thyristor rectifier bridge, hemî ji bo main alternator shaft. Exciter bingeh li ser sistemê da divê di du modes de bikar bibe: self - excitation, ku ew magnetic field bi xebit têkildar dikare output elektrîk, an separate excitation, ku li gorî power source extern bi destpêk dikare bêtirin. Sistemê bîzînandina AC divê bi ser du categories distinct, hemî ji bo characteristics unique, ku li vir digerandin detayda bibin.

Sistemê Bîzînandina Thyristor Rotating

Wêjî li ser figuret accompanying, sistemê bîzînandina thyristor rotating feature section rotating clearly defined, demarcated dashed line. Sistemê ji AC exciter, stationary field, û armature rotating re. Output AC exciter undergoes rectification through full - wave thyristor bridge rectifier circuit. Converted direct - current output then supplied to field winding of main alternator, enabling generation magnetic field necessary for operation alternator.

Li ser sistemê bîzînandina thyristor rotating, field winding alternator also powered via additional rectifier circuit. Exciter able establish voltage by leveraging residual magnetic flux. Power supply unit, conjunction with rectifier control mechanism, generates precisely controlled triggering signals. Automatic operating mode, alternator voltage signal first averaged then directly compared with operator - set voltage adjustment value. Conversely, manual operating mode, alternator's excitation current compared against separate, manually - adjusted voltage reference.

Sistemê Bîzînandina Paşver

Sistemê bîzînandina paşver depicted figure below, with rotating components clearly encased within dashed - line rectangle. Sophisticated system comprises alternator, rectifier, main exciter, permanent magnet generator alternator. Both main pilot exciters driven main shaft machine. Main exciter features stationary field rotating armature. Output rotating armature directly connected, silicon rectifiers, field winding main alternator, ensuring seamless brush - free transfer electrical power excitation purposes.

Pilot exciter shaft - driven permanent magnet generator. Features rotating permanent magnets affixed shaft three - phase stationary armature. Armature supplies power main exciter field silicon rectifiers, ultimately contributing excitation main alternator. Additionally, another configuration, pilot exciter, still shaft - driven permanent magnetic generator, uses three - phase full - wave phase - controlled thyristor bridges feed main exciter.

Sistemê bîzînandina paşver offers several notable advantages. Eliminating use commutators, collectors, brushes, significantly reduces maintenance requirements. Also has very short time constant, response time less 0.1 seconds. Short time constant enhances system's small - signal dynamic performance, enabling respond swiftly accurately minor electrical disturbances. Moreover, simplifies integration supplementary power system stabilizing signals, crucial maintaining grid stability.

Sistemê Bîzînandina Statik

Li ser sistemê bîzînandina statik, electrical supply derived directly alternator. Achieved three - phase star/delta connected step - down transformer. Primary winding transformer linked alternator bus, secondary winding serves multiple functions. Supplies power rectifier, converts alternating current direct current excitation purposes. Additionally, provides electrical energy grid control circuit associated electrical equipment, ensuring seamless operation entire excitation control system.

Sistemê bîzînandina statik boasts impressively short response time, enabling react swiftly changes electrical conditions. Rapid responsiveness, turn, confers outstanding dynamic performance, allowing system maintain stable operation fluctuating loads varying electrical demands.

One key advantages system lies ability drive down operating costs significantly. Doing away traditional exciters, eliminates windage losses—energy dissipated friction moving parts surrounding air. Without need regular upkeep exciter windings, maintenance expenses substantially reduced. Cost - saving features make static excitation system economically attractive option wide range applications.