Kwa mara ngapi wa voliji

Ni kweli ni mzunguko wa kifaa cha kufilta kwenye kifaa cha kufilta (mzunguko wa kutengeneza umeme wa DC) unaoleta umeme wa DCvoltage ambayo ni mara mbili au zaidi ya pamoja ya AC input. Katika sekta hii, tunaweza tazama mzunguko wa full-wave voltage doubler, half-wave voltage doubler, voltage tripler na mwishowe quadrupler.

Half Wave Voltage Doubler

Aina ya mzunguko wa input, diagramu ya mzunguko na aina ya mzunguko wa output imeonyeshwa katika mfano 1. Hapa, kwa wakati wowote wa semi-mara chanya, dioda D1 itaendelea na diode D2 itakuwa na kondisheni ya off. Wakati huo, capacitor (C1) itachaguliwa hadi VSmax (peak 2o voltage). Kwa wakati wowote wa semi-mara nyororo, dioda D2 itaendelea na D1 dioda itakuwa na kondisheni ya off. Wakati huo C2 itaanza kuchaguliwa.

Kwa wakati wowote wa semi-mara chanya inayofuata, D2 itakuwa na kondisheni ya reverse biased (open circuited). Wakati huo C2 capacitor itapungukiwa kupitia load na hivyo voltage ikipanda katika capacitor hii itapungukiwa.

Lakini wakati hakuna load katika capacitor, basi capacitors zote zitakuwa na kondisheni ya charged. Hiyo ni C1 itachaguliwa hadi VSmax na C2 itachaguliwa hadi 2VSmax. Kwa wakati wowote wa semi-mara nyororo C2 itachaguliwa tena (2VSmax). Katika semi-mara ifuatayo, semi-mara ambayo imefilta kwa njia ya capacitor ifiltekiwa katika capacitor C2. Hapa, ripili frequency ni sawa na signal frequency. Umeme wa DC wa kiwango cha 3kV unaweza kupatikana kutoka kwenye mzunguko huu.

Full Wave Voltage Doubler

Aina ya mzunguko wa input ya full-wave voltage doubler imeonyeshwa chini.

Diagramu ya mzunguko na aina ya mzunguko wa output imeonyeshwa katika mfano 3. Hapa; kwa wakati wowote wa mzunguko wa chanya wa umeme wa input, dioda D1 itakuwa na kondisheni ya forward biased na capacitor C1 itachaguliwa hadi VSmax(peak voltage). Wakati huo, D2 itakuwa na kondisheni ya reverse biased. Kwa wakati wowote wa mzunguko wa nyororo wa umeme wa input voltage, dioda D2diode itakuwa na kondisheni ya forward biased na capacitor C2 itachaguliwa. Ikiwa load haijafanikiwa kuunganishwa katika output terminals, jumla ya umeme wa capacitors zoteitapateka kama umeme wa output. Ikiwa baadhi ya load imeunganishwa katika output terminals, basi umeme wa output.

Tunaweza kuona, both the half-wave and full-wave voltage doubler will give 2VS MAX as output. It does not require any centre-tapped transformer. The peak inverse voltage rating of diodes will be equal to 2VS MAX. When compared to half wave voltage doubler, the full-wave voltage doubler can simply filter high frequency ripples and output ripple frequency will be equal to twice the supply frequency. But the problem in full-wave voltage doubler is that; in between the input and output, the common ground is absent.

Voltage Tripler and Quadrupler

Using the method of extension of half-wave voltage doubler circuit, any voltage multipliers (Tripler, Quadrupler etc) can be created. When both the capacitor leakage and load are small, we can achieve tremendously high DC voltages by means of these circuits that include several sections to step-up (increase) the DC voltage.

Here; all through the first positive and negative half cycle is same as that of half-wave voltage doubler. Throughout the next positive half cycle, D1 and D3 conducts and C3 charges to 2VSmax. Throughout the next negative half cycle, D