Qanawa Lenz anîn bi rastîkirin

Qanûna Lenz, ku jî dîsa fizîkê rosiyî Heinrich Lenz (1804-1865), yekî ûsûlên bingehîn di elektrîk-sîvanî de ye. Ev qanûn dike ku herînka êlektrîk potansiyel (emf) di lûpê birînê de ji hemanî çendina sîvanî taybetandî ya ku wê pêkide. Yani ku herînka îndikirî sîvanî taybetandî yên din dikare ku bi serbestiya çendina sîvanî taybetandî bêrînin, wekî serbestiya nîşankirina enerjî.

Têkildana Qanûna Lenz vê biz e ku bigerin science ku bi tevahî heyî wan cihaneên roja herîn bikin, wekî jeneratorên elektrîk, motoran, induktoran, û transformeran. Di dema ku bi serbestiya Qanûna Lenz werdikin, derbasdara berdewamên electromagneticî ku bi serbestiya me ne û veşartin.

Qanûna Lenz, ku jî dîsa fizîkê rosiyî Heinrich Lenz (1804-1865), yekî ûsûlên bingehîn di electromagnetic induction de ye. Ev qanûn dike ku herînka êlektrîk potansiyel (emf) di lûpê birînê de ji hemanî çendina sîvanî taybetandî ya ku wê pêkide. Bi serbestiya termînan, dirêja herînka îndikirî sîvanî taybetandî yên din dikare ku bi serbestiya çendina sîvanî taybetandî bêrînin.

Qanûna Lenz yekî ûsûlên bingehîn di electromagnetic de ye ku dike ku dirêja herînka êlektrîk potansiyel (EMF) di circuit de ji hemanî çendina ku bi serbestiya wê pêkide. Bî serbestiya matematîkî, Qanûna Lenz bi rêzik:

EMF = -dΦ/dt

Ji ber EMF herînka êlektrîk potansiyel, Φ sîvanî taybetandî, û dt guherîna dema. Nîşanka negatîf li ser rêzik dike ku herînka EMF ji hemanî çendina flux bêrîne.

Qanûna Lenz bi Qanûna Faraday electromagnetic induction yarîn heye, ku dike ku sîvanî taybetandî yanî EMF di circuit de îndikirî bike. Qanûna Faraday bi rêzik:

EMF = -dΦ/dt

ji ber EMF herînka êlektrîk potansiyel, Φ sîvanî taybetandî, û dt guherîna dema.

Qanûna Ampere û Qanûna Biot-Savart yarîn bi Qanûna Lenz heye, ji ber ku bi serbestiya tercihkirina electric û magnetic fields di ser currents û charges. Qanûna Ampere dike ku sîvanî taybetandî ji wirê bi current-carrying wire proportional be current û distance ji wirê. Qanûna Biot-Savart bi serbestiya sîvanî taybetandî yên ku ji wirê bi current-carrying wire û group of wires bikin.

Bijî, wan qanûnan destûrê bi serbestiya tercihkirina electric û magnetic fields di wan situasyonan de bikin. Ji ber vê yekê, wan essential ne bi serbestiya têkildana electric motors, generators, transformers, û wan devices.

Bi serbestiya têkildana, bibînin senaryoya ku magnet bar yek coil of wire hatine. Ji ber ku magnet tuva di coil de hatine, sîvanî taybetandî lines passing through the coil increase. Ji ser Qanûna Lenz, polarity of the induced emf in the coil is such that it opposes the increase in magnetic flux. This opposition creates an induced field that opposes the motion of the magnet, ultimately slowing it down. Similarly, when the magnet is moved away from the coil, the induced emf will oppose the decrease in magnetic flux, creating an induced field that will try to keep the magnet in place.

The induced field that opposes the change in magnetic flux follows the right-hand rule. If we hold our right hand around the coil such that our fingers point in the direction of the magnetic field lines, our thumb will point in the direction of the induced current. The direction of the induced current is such that it creates a magnetic field that opposes the change in the magnetic flux.

The pole of the magnet also plays a crucial role in Lenz's Law. When the magnet's north pole moves towards the coil, the induced current creates a magnetic field that opposes the north pole's approach. Conversely, when the magnet's south pole moves towards the coil, the induced current creates a magnetic field that opposes the south pole's approach. The direction of the induced current follows the right-hand rule, as we discussed earlier.

It is related to Faraday's Law of electromagnetic induction, which explains how a changing magnetic field can induce an emf in a conductor. Faraday's Law mathematically describes the relationship between the induced emf and the magnetic flux rate of change. It follows Faraday's Law, as it governs the direction of the induced emf in response to the changing magnetic flux.

It is also related to the phenomenon of eddy currents. Eddy currents are loops of electric current induced within conductors by a changing magnetic field. The circulating flow of these currents generates their magnetic field, which opposes the initial magnetic field that created them. This effect is in line with Lenz's Law and has practical applications, such as in the braking systems of trains and induction cooktops.

It has numerous practical applications in our daily lives. For example, it plays a significant role in the design and function of electric generators, which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. In a generator, a rotating coil experiences a changing magnetic field, leading to the generation of an emf. The direction of this induced emf is determined by Lenz's Law, which ensures that the system conserves energy. Similarly, electric motors operate based on Lenz's Law. In an electric motor, the interaction between the magnetic fields and the induced emf creates a torque that drives the motor.

It is an essential concept in the design of inductors and transformers. Inductors are electronic components that store energy in their magnetic field when a current flows through them. They oppose any change in the current, following the principles of Lenz's Law. Transformers, which are used to transfer electrical energy between circuits, utilize the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. By understanding it, engineers can design transformers.

Statement: Respect the original, good articles worth sharing, if there is infringement please contact delete.