Kapasitor Electrolytik

Na electrolytic capacitor yana ce nau'i na capacitor wanda ya yi electrolyte don samun capacitance daga 1uF zuwa 50mF, kafin da ake iya gudanar da wasu capacitors. Electrolyte yana cewa mai sarrafa ions a kan sa. Aluminium electrolytic capacitor, tantalum electrolytic capacitor da niobium electrolytic capacitor suna cikin farkon electrolytic capacitors. Misali a aluminium electrolytic capacitor, anamai aluminium metal foils suka amfani a matsayin electrodes. Anamai aluminium metal foil ta fi tsari (99.9%) da tsakiyar (20-100 um) ya zama anode, inda cathode yana iya kasance da tsari na 97.8%. Saboda ingancin electrochemical (anodization) anode, an fuskantar aluminium oxides a kan al'adarsa, haka maha cathode yana taka fuskantar oxide a kan al'adarsa, amma yana ci gaba, saboda haka bai ba da muhimmanci ba. Fuskantar oxide wanda ya faru a kan al'adarsa anode yana da muhimmanci a kan dielectric medium na capacitor, kuma yana jawabin samun capacitance per unit volume mafi yawa ciki saboda wasu capacitors.

Al'adarsa anode da cathode suka fito koyarren bayanen don sanar da al'adunsa, kuma yana jawabin samun capacitance per unit volume. Ingancin electrolytic capacitor yana da shirya da stacking of two aluminium foils with a spacer, i.e. an electrolyte soaked paper between them so to avoid direct contact between the two foils to prevent short-circuiting of plates.

Anamai stacked arrangement suka kawo kawai ne kuma suka jiye a cylindrical metal can don in kunshi mechanical strength, saboda haka yana bayyana ita da shape compact da robust. Electrolytic capacitors saboda design robust da compact suka amfani a kan wasu electrical appliances kamar computer motherboard. Suna amfani a kan noise filters a electronic circuits, harmonic filters a power supplies da SMPS, etc. Electrolytic capacitors suna cikin polarised capacitor, kafin da ake iya gudanar da wasu types of the capacitor, kuma suka da kyau a amfani a circuit da polarity marked. Idan muna sanya electrolytic capacitor a polarity na nisa a circuit, reverse voltage applied across the metal foil will destroy the oxides layer formed on the anode, and thus a short circuit will occur which cause excessive current to flow through the capacitor causing heating which results in rupturing of the capacitor.

Don jin da lafiya, idan kake amfani a circuit, ya kamata a sanya da polarity daidai, musamman a wasu high power application. Electrolytic capacitor ba ya danganta da frequency response above 100 kHz. Yana da high leakage current, kuma yana taka hot da kuma rupturing idan ake amfani a wasu duration. Lifespan component yana da tsari na 1000 hours, kuma ana bukatar da ake replace from the circuit after a fixed time. An electrolytic capacitor develops excessive heat when high frequency and high amplitude voltage signal is used due to its high internal resistance. Voltage applied across the foil should be within the limit so to avoid dielectric breakdown and to prevent heating of the capacitor due to excessive current is drawn by it. Electrolytic capacitor’s high capacitance value, small size and low-cost value is responsible for its high usage in various power appliances involving high current or low-frequency operation typically below 100KHZ applications.

Source: Electrical4u.

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