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As due to influence of external electric field the center of nucleus and center of electrons cloud are separated, there will be an attraction force developed between them according to Coulomb’s law. Say, at the distance of separation of center of nucleus and electron cloud, x, the equilibrium is established. That means at distance of separation x, the forces acting on the nucleus or electron cloud due to external electric field and due to Coulomb law become same and opposite. It is obvious that

Before discussing Orientational polarization, let us examine the structural details of some molecules. Let us take an oxygen molecule. A single oxygen atom has only 6 electrons on its outermost cell. One oxygen atom creates the double covalent bond with another oxygen atom and creates an oxygen molecule. In an oxygen molecule, the distance between the centers of the nucleus of two atoms is 121 Pico-metre. But there is no permanent or resultant dipole moment as both ends of the molecules are equa

Ionic PolarizationBefore understanding what ionic polarization let is us observe how a sodium chloride (NaCl) molecule is formed. Sodium chloride (NaCl) molecule is formed by ionic bond between sodium and chlorine atoms. The sodium atom gives up one electron to get eight electrons in its outer most orbits. In this way the sodium atom becomes positive ion. On the other hand chlorine atom takes one electron to make eight electrons it its outermost orbits and becomes negative ion. Now due to electr

First of all we have to know the definition of polarization before entering into mechanism. Polarization is actually the alignment of the dipole moments of the fixed or induced dipole in the direction of the peripheral electric field. The mechanism of polarization deals with how a molecule or atom is reacting to a peripheral electric field. Simply we can say that it leads to the positioning of dipoles.There are fundamentally four divisions of polarization mechanisms. They are Electronic polariza

A dielectric material is defined as an electrical insulator that can be polarized by an applied electric field. This means that when a dielectric material is placed in an electric field, it does not allow electric charges to flow through it, but instead, it aligns its internal electric dipoles (pairs of opposite charges) in the direction of the field. This alignment reduces the overall electric field within the dielectric material and increases the capacitance of a capacitor that uses it. How do