Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

A sinusoidal wave signal is a type of continuous wave that has a smooth and repetitive oscillation. It is based on the sine or cosine trigonometric function, which describes the curve of the wave. Sinusoidal wave signals are common in mathematics, physics, engineering, signal processing, and many other fields. In this article, we will explain what a sinusoidal wave signal is, how it is characterized, and why it is important.What is a Signal?Before we define a sinusoidal wave signal, let us first

Aspace chargeis defined as a region of space where electric charges accumulate, either in free space or in a dielectric material. The electric charges can be either positive or negative, and they can be either mobile or immobile. The space charge can affect the electric field, the electric potential, and the current flow in the region.Examples of Space ChargeSpace charge can occur in various situations, such as: Semiconductor junctions: When a p-type semiconductor (which has excess holes) is bro

A novel PET for a distribution grid called a flexible power distribution unit is proposed in this paper, and the energy exchange mechanism between the network and the load is revealed. A 30 kW 600 VAC/220 VAC/110 VDC medium-frequency isolated prototype is developed and demonstrated. This paper also presents key control strategies of the PET for electrical distribution grid applications, especially under grid voltage disturbance conditions. Moreover, stability issues related to the grid-connec

Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)An automatic voltage regulator controls the supply voltage. The voltage is stabilized after being converted. The variation in load on the supply system is the primary cause of the voltage fluctuation. The equipment in the power system is harmed by voltage variations.Installing voltage control instruments in various places, such as close to Transformers, Generators, Feeders, etc.,will help to regulate voltage variance.The voltage regulator is available at multiple

Power electronic converters will serve as the fundamental components of modern power systems. However, they may suffer from poorer reliability if not properly designed, consequently affecting the overall performance of power systems. Accordingly, the converter reliability should be taken into account in design and planning of Power Electronic-based Power Systems (PEPSs). Optimal decision-making in planning of PEPSs requires precise reliability modeling in converters from component up to syste

Phase, neutral, and earth are the three connections that make up an electrical system. For electrical energy to flow securely through the load, each wire connection is important.In simple terms, A phase wire is utilized to carry the primary load current for the load A neutral wire is used for carrying the extremely small or even negligible return current back to the source, and An earthing wire is utilized for carrying the leakage current to the ground.Specifically, a typical problem with the ne

This article aims to incorporate the reliability model of power electronic converters into power system reliability analysis. The converter reliability has widely been explored in device- and converter-levels according to physics of failure analysis. However, optimal decision-making for design, planning, operation, and maintenance of power electronic converters require system-level reliability modeling of power electronic-based power systems. Therefore, this article proposes a procedure to eva

In this paper, an overall individual dc voltage (including high-voltage and low-voltage dc-link voltages) balance strategy is proposed for the electronic power transformer with separated dc-link topology. The strategy adjusts active powers flowing through the isolation and output stages in different power modules to enhance the dc voltage balance capability. Through the strategy, the high-voltage and low-voltage dc-links can be well balanced when unbalance occurs among different power modules

This paper proposes and analyzes a two-stage dc-dc isolated converter for electric vehicle charging applications, where high efficiency over a wide range of battery voltages is required. The proposed conversion circuit comprises a first two-output isolation stage with CLLC resonant structure and a second two-input buck regulator. The transformer of the first stage is designed such that its two output voltages correspond, ideally, to the minimum and maximum expected voltage to be supplied to th

Grid-forming (GFM) inverters are recognized as a viable solution to increase the penetration of renewable energy in bulk power systems. However, they are physically different from synchronous generators in terms of overcurrent capability. To protect the power semiconductor devices and support the power grid under severe symmetrical disturbances, the GFM control systems should be able to achieve the following requirements: current magnitude limitation, fault current contribution, and fault reco