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What is an Electric Arc?

Electric arc: Ionized gas path formed during circuit breaker contact separation. Understanding ionization & quenching processes enables safe current interruption.

Encyclopedia
Field: Industry News
Electrical Engineer
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What is an Electric Arc?


Arc Definition


An arc is a glowing path created by ionized gas between circuit breaker contacts when they open.



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Arc in Circuit Breaker


The arc phenomenon in circuit breakers occurs between separating contacts under load, maintaining current flow until quenched.


 

Thermal Ionization


Heating gas molecules increases their velocity and collisions, leading to ionization and plasma formation.


 

Ionization by Electron Collision


Free electrons accelerated by an electric field collide with atoms, creating more free electrons and ionizing the gas.


 

Deionization of Gas


Removing ionization causes recombination of charges, neutralizing the gas and aiding arc quenching.



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