Wata duka na iya kara a cikin abubuwa mai girma?

Dukar da Tattalin Aiki Da Zan Iya Daga Mai Amfani Da Shiga
By Oliver, 8 Shekara a Kungiyar Kai

Sannu duka, ina ce Oliver, wanda ne ke amfani da kungiyar kai na 8 shekara.

Daga tushen hanyoyin kofin substation da gudanan abubuwa, zuwa yanzu muke masu ingantaccen kofin da tattalin aiki na duk sistemai, daya daga cikin abubuwan da na samu a aikinsa sun hada da muhimman zana (VT / PT).

A baya, sune so ku so:

“Wata abubuwan da za su iya bayyana a kan zana? Da kuma yadda ake magance idan akwai wahala?”

Tambayoyi mai kyau! Akwai mutane da suka fi sani wato idan an sauki ko idan akwai kai — amma don in fahimta aiki na zanai, ya kamata a yi shirye-shiryen kasuwanci.

Yanzu, zan bayar da kuna kan a harshen mai sauƙi — tun daga tattalin aiki na farko — wata abubuwan da ake iya bayyana a kan zana, kuma maimakon da suka haɗa, da kuma yadda ake iya ƙunshi.

Babu wasu kalmomi masu lafiya, ko standards masu tsawo — kawai ilimi mai amfani da ita a cikin aiki.

1. Maimakon Da Bayyana?

Idan zanai yana nufin kadan, amma yana da uku alamar muhimmanci: tattaunawa, tattalin aiki, da kuma ingantacce.

Idan akwai wahala, zai iya haɗa da:

• Tattalin aiki mai ba daidai;

• Ingantaccen ba daidai ko kasa;

• Rarrabe ta hanyar tattaunawa na sistemai.

Saboda haka, bayyana mai kyau yana da muhimmanci — yana nufin ƙarin tattalin aiki na zanai. Yana taimakawa wajen samun wahaloloin da kusa da juyin abubuwa mai yawa.

2. Al'adunsu Daban-Daban Da Ake Bayyana a Kan Zana

Don 8 shekarori na aiki a fili, wata al'adunsu daban-daban da ake amfani da su da kuma muhimmanci:

Al'adun 1: Bayyana Inganci

Maimakon: Don tattalin inganci a kan ƙaramin da kuma a kan ƙaramin da ground.

Wannan shi ne bayyana mai mahimmanci da kafuwa.

Inganci mai ba daidai zai iya haɗa da tushen lambobin, ƙaramin mai tsawo, ko kuma patakaci.

Yadda ake iya ƙunshi:

• Amfani da megohmmeter na 2500V daga primary zuwa secondary da ground;

• Amfani da megohmmeter na 1000V daga secondary zuwa ground;

• Bayyana inganci a kan primary da secondary, primary zuwa ground, da kuma secondary zuwa ground;

• Samun bayanan tarihi — ƙasashe mai yawa yana nufin ƙarin tattalin aiki.

Nasararren:

• Ya kamata a yi a matsayin ƙarin;

• Wannan shi ne babban ƙarin tattalin aiki na shekara;

• Amsa bayyana daga ƙarin da ake kula, ƙarin da ake ƙanƙanta, ko kuma ƙarin da ake faɗa.

Al'adun 2: Bayyana Tsari

Maimakon: Gano cewa tsari na aiki ya dangante da ma'anar plate name don ingantacce da tattalin aiki.

Misali, PT da aka tabbatar da shi a 10kV/100V ya kamata a ƙunshi da tsari na ƙarfin; idan ba haka, relays na ingantacce zai iya kasa.

Yadda ake iya ƙunshi:

• Kafa kai na ƙarfin (misali, 100V–400V) a kan ƙaramin primary;

• Bayyana kai na ƙaramin secondary da kuma ƙunshi tsari na aiki;

• Samun ma'anar plate — ƙasashe mai daidai shine ±2%.

Tattalin aikin:

• Ƙaramin mai tsawo yana nufin inter-turn shorting;

• Yana iya zama wiring mai ba daidai, misali, polarity mai tsawo;

• Zan iya ƙarin bayyana daga ƙarin da ake ƙanƙanta ko ƙarin da ake faɗa.

Al'adun 3: Bayyana Karfi Na Inganci (U-I Curve)

Maimakon: Gano idan core an ƙasa ko yana da alamun ƙarfin ko ƙarfin mai tsawo.

Wannan bayyana shi ne muhimmiyar jumla a electromagnetic VTs, musamman wadanda suke da sistemin da ake ƙarfin ferroresonance.

Yadda ake iya ƙunshi:

• Kafa AC voltage a kan ƙaramin secondary;

• Gina kai na ƙarfin da kuma ƙunshi current values;

• Plot U-I curve da kuma tattalin knee point.

Bayyana mai muhimmanci:

• Curve mai daidai zai nuna knee point;

• Curve mai tsawo zai nuna ƙarfin core;

• Initial slope mai yawa zai nuna ƙarfin mai tsawo.

Halitta: Na samu karfi na inganci mai tsawo a kan PT — yana nufin ƙarfin mai tsawo saboda sealing mai ba daidai. Ba a kan ƙarfin, an kaɗe da ƙarfin mai daidai.

Al'adun 4: Bayyana Inganci DC

Maimakon: Don tattalin ƙaramin mai tsawo, turn-to-turn shorts, ko kuma wiring mai ba daidai.

Bayyana inganci DC taimakawa wajen samun wahaloloin mai ƙaramin.

Yadda ake iya ƙunshi:

• Amfani da DC resistance tester;

• Bayyana inganci a kan ƙaramin primary da secondary;

• Samun results da factory values ko measurements na tarihi — ƙasashe mai daidai ba zai da ±2%.

Bayyana mai muhimmanci:

• Temperature yana taimakawa wajen samun results — ya kamata a samun tare da ƙarin;

• A PT mai yawa, ya kamata a yi discharge zuwa lokacin ƙarin bayyana don ƙara errors mai ƙarfin.

Al'adun 5: Bayyana Dielectric Loss Factor (tanδ)

Maimakon: Gano ƙarfin mai tsawo ko ƙarfin mai tsawo na inganci materials.

Wannan bayyana mai yawan ƙarfin shi ne amfani da shi a high-voltage VTs, musamman capacitive voltage transformers (CVTs).

Yadda ake iya ƙunshi:

• Amfani da tanδ tester;

• Kafa set voltage da kuma ƙunshi dielectric loss factor;

• Typically acceptable value is tanδ ≤ 2% (varies by device).

Abubuwan da suka faru:

• Values mai yawa sun nuna ƙarfin mai tsawo ko ƙarfin mai tsawo;

• Idan standard ba daidai, ya kamata a yi ƙarfin ko replacement.

3. Abubuwan Da Ƙarin Da Za Su Iya Bayyana

A kan al'adunsu uku, wannan abubuwan da ƙarin suke da muhimmanci:

Infrared Thermal Imaging

• Detect overheating a kan connection points;

• Identify hotspots early;

• Especially useful for monitoring operating equipment.

Partial Discharge Detection

• Detect weak internal discharges;

• An effective early warning for insulation degradation;

• Recommended for high-voltage PTs in critical applications.

Wiring Inspection + Polarity Test

• Ensure correct wiring and consistent polarity;

• Prevent metering inaccuracies or protection misoperations.

4. Nasararren

Don 8 shekarori na aiki a fili, zan ba dukkan malamin:

“Babu da za su iya ci gaba har zuwa lokacin da zanai ya kasa don a yi bayyana.”

Bayyana mai kyau kowace shekara taimakawa wajen ƙara aiki na sistemai da kuma ƙara ƙarfin zanai.

Wannan nasararren daga:

Don Maintenance Personnel:

• Learn to use basic instruments (megohmmeters, multimeters, ratio testers);

• Understand each test procedure and standard;

• Record test data regularly and build comparison records.

Don Technical Staff:

• Master advanced tests like excitation curves and tanδ;

• Combine infrared and partial discharge detection to improve diagnostics;

• Understand the PT’s role in the system to avoid blind operations.

Don Managers or Procurement Teams:

• Clarify testing requirements during equipment selection;

• Request complete factory test reports from suppliers;

• Establish lifecycle management and schedule regular inspections.

5. Farkon Fikira

Zanai suna nufin kadan, amma suna da muhimmanci a cikin duk sistemai na kai.

Ba suna nufin ƙarin kai ba — suna ƙara aiki, suna ƙara ingantacce, da kuma suna ƙara tattalin aiki.

Don 8 shekarori na aiki a fili, na yake cewa:

“Details determine success or failure, and testing ensures safety.”

Idan kana samu abubuwan PT mai tsawo, results mai tsawo, ko kuma ba kana sani yadda ake magance wahala, zan iya taimaka — ina son ƙarin tattalin aiki da kuma halittoci.

May every voltage transformer run stably and safely, safeguarding the accuracy and reliability of our power grid!

— Oliver