Wani da take ake magana game da abubuwa da na'urar da take da suka single-phase distribution transformers?
1 Mijinayi Na Zamani na Tafakarun Tansufar Yankin
Daga tushen yadda ake amfani da tansufar jikohi a harkokin sadarwa na duniya, ana sanin cewa tansufar yankin suna da amfani sosai. Wannan tansufar yankin suna da muhimmanci masu mahimmanci wajen kula da tansufar jikohi, kuma wannan ya shafi daidai:
1.1 Tashar Mai Tsawo
Wannan siffo ta gina cewa, idan an yi amfani da abubuwan da suka fi siffa, tansufar yankin da suka da tsari masu sauran suke da hasashe mai tsawo mafi yawa zuwa tansufar jikohi. Idan an yi amfani da tansufar yankin da suka da tsari masu 100 kVA da kuma 50 kVA, bayanin hasashe suka zama kamar yadda aka tabbatar a Jami'ar 1.
Idan an yi amfani da tansufar D10 yankin da suka da tsari masu 100 kVA zuwa shekaru 8,000 sa'a, za su da hasashe mai tsawo mafi yawa zuwa S9 jikohi da suka da tsari masu 1,280 kWh; tansufar 50 kVA yana da tasarrufi 880 kWh. Koyaya, tansufar yankin suna da tasarrufi masu 50% zuwa tansufar jikohi.
1.2 Mai Tsawo Da Ba A Bace Gaba Kan Amfani Da Su
Wannan tashar ta gina cewa lalacewar tsakiyar tsaro suna iya samun wurare da wasu masu amfani da elektriki, kuma ta ci nasararsa na kan gwamnati. Hasashe na tsakiyar tsaro suna da damma da 7% - 12% (kuma akwai wurare da suka da 30%). Bayan an yi sabon sadarwa, ana sanin cewa amfani da tansufar yankin ya ba da nasara a kan tasarrufin hasashe na tsakiyar tsaro.
Dalilai uku ne suna haifar da hasashe na tsakiyar tsaro: 1) Tansufar jikohi suna da amfani da lalacewar tsaro da ke da damar masu amfani, wanda ya haifar da hasashe na tsakiya da kuma tansufar; 2) Dalilan hasashe na tsakiya suna haifar da tsohon hasashe. Tansufar yankin suna ba da amfani da lalacewar tsaro da ke da damar masu amfani, kuma ta ci nasararsa a kan tasarrufin hasashe na tsakiya da kuma tsohon hasashe.
Muhimman tashar "tsari mai tsawo, wurare da damar masu amfani, damar tsakiya" ta gina cewa an yi amfani da ita a tsakiyar tsaro, kuma tansufar yankin suna da muhimmiyar rawa wajen yi amfani da ita.
1.3 Tasarrufin Masu Amfani Da Kwamfuta
Idan an yi amfani da tansufar yankin, ana yi amfani da duwatsu biyu zuwa lalacewar tsaro masu yawan damar, kuma lalacewar tsaro masu damar yawan biyu ko biyu. Amma, tansufar jikohi suna bukata amfani da duwatsu uku zuwa lalacewar tsaro masu yawan damar da kuma duwatsu hudu zuwa lalacewar tsaro masu damar. Saboda haka, tansufar yankin suna da tasarrufin duwatsu da kuma tsohon amfani da fuses, surge arresters, da kuma hardware. An sanin cewa tansufar yankin suna da tasarrufin ~10% zuwa cost of high-voltage lines and 15% of low-voltage line project costs.
1.4 Nasarar Amfani Da Kwamfuta
Tansufar yankin suna da amfani da ke da damar masu amfani, kuma ta ci nasararsa a kan nasarar amfani. Statistically, a larger user base lifts reliability coefficients. For management, rationing via single-transformer circuit-pulling narrows outages and lessens reliability impacts. Structurally, three-phase transformers’ integrated coils risk full-transformer outages if one coil fails, causing area blackouts.
Technically, three-phase transformers (Y/Y₀ or △/Y₀) face voltage anomalies in other phases when one fuse blows. Their 380V/220V three-wire four-wire low-voltage systems risk sudden voltage surges from neutral short-circuits, disrupting lighting and damaging equipment. Single-phase transformers largely avoid such issues, ensuring reliability.
2 Amfani Da Tansufar Yankin
2.1 Ingantaccen Amfani
Daga tushen mijinayi na zamani na tansufar yankin, an kiran amfani da ita a wurare da suka da damar masu amfani:
2.1.1 Al'ummar Kasashen Birane
Yanzu, amfani da elektriki a al'ummar kasashen birane ya zama da amfani da ke da tsarin lafiya da kuma tansufar yankin (misali, yanayi da ke tafi). Ana kiran amfani da modelin "tansufar yankin baki daya zuwa baki" ko kuma "tansufar yankin baki daya zuwa gida" don cin nasarar amfani da kwamfuta.
2.1.2 Rurale Da Amfani Da Kwamfuta Masu Yawan Damar
A rurale, amfani da tansufar yankin masu yawan damar (misali, yanayi da ke tafi) ya zama da amfani da ke da damar masu amfani. Amfani da tansufar yankin yana ba da nasara a kan tasarrufin amfani da kwamfuta da kuma nasarar amfani.
2.1.3 Al'ummomin Da Kuma Kasuwancin Da Akwai Tsohon Hasashe
Amfani da "high-voltage power supply to households" can eliminate electricity theft caused by illegal low-voltage wiring. Additionally, it facilitates line-by-line and transformer-by-transformer line loss assessment, enabling accurate monitoring of power consumption losses and strengthening power management.
2.1.4 Inyan Mata Amfani Don Masu Amfani Masu Yawan Damar
Promote the transition of small-scale industrial users from "shared transformers" to "dedicated transformers". With the popularization of single-phase transformers, small industrial and commercial users can install dedicated units. Guided by electricity and pricing policies, the adoption of dedicated transformers will become more prevalent, separating residential lighting from three-phase industrial power. Replacing three-phase transformers with single-phase ones where appropriate can reduce losses in public low-voltage lines and shared transformers, balance loads, and improve voltage stability at the user end.
2.2 Abubuwan Da Ake Samu Idan An Yi Amfani Da Tansufar Yankin
Yanzu, akwai tansufar yankin masu amfani da ke da tashar mai tsawo da kuma tashar mai tsawo, kuma tansufar yankin suna da tasarrufin masu amfani zuwa tansufar jikohi.
With connection group label I/I₀, there are two main wiring methods:
Three-tap (low-voltage side): A single winding with a middle tap grounded, forming two windings. Voltage ratio: 10 kV/0.22 kV. Wiring: See Figure 1 (a₁, a₂ = phase wires; x = neutral).
Four-tap (low-voltage side): Double windings (no electrical connection between them). Voltage ratio (high-to-low): 10 kV/0.22 kV. Wiring: See Figure 2.
In the figure, a1, a2 are phase wires, and x1, x2, x are neutral wires. When using single-phase transformers, note these:
For power supply, the low-voltage side usually uses a three-wire setup. Take x1/x2/x as the neutral wire (must be reliably grounded). a1 ，a2 (phase wires) can’t be paralleled; evenly distribute loads to minimize neutral current at the low-voltage tap and reduce losses.
For low-voltage supply, use the TT system (neutral switch-controllable) or TN system (neutral non-switch-controllable).
Select the high-voltage tap based on the substation’s 10 kV outlet three-phase currents. Imbalanced currents increase main transformer losses, cause negative-sequence voltage, and risk protection misoperation. Measure 10 kV outlet currents first and set the tap per current balance rules.
Single-phase transformers suit single-phase loads. Survey load composition and layout; separate single-phase and three-phase loads, place transformers near loads to boost efficiency.
Do load forecasting; choose a 20–100 kVA transformer (typical range).
For low-voltage supply, install sectional/tie pole switches (if possible) to improve reliability.
