Mai Suna FACTS Da Kuma Yadda Ake Neman Su a Tashar Zafi?
FACTS (Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System) yana nufin kungiyar abubuwa mai girma da take amfani da wasu abubuwan da ba su gama game da hankali don in taimaka wa wajen inganta masu karfi da kyakkyawan kungiyar jirgin ruwa mai girma.
Wasu abubuwan da suke amfani da su a kungiyar jirgin ruwa mai girma na iya taimaka wajen inganta muhimmanci masu aiki, ciki har:
A lokacin da aka fara amfani da kungiyar abubuwa mai girma, masu aiki kamar yanayin tsari da yanayin mutane sun amfani da sakamakon da ke samun kayan aiki, mafi girman da ke samun kayan aiki, ko mutane da suke yi aiki. Amma, wasu sakamakon da suka fara amfani da su sun fi shiga matsaloli: ya kamata aiki da damu, ya kamata nasara, da kuma ya kamata kyakkyawa—wanda ya ci gaba kan da suke iya taimaka wajen inganta kyakkyawan da tsarin kungiyar jirgin ruwa.
Farkon sakamakon abubuwan mai girma da ke tsakiyar ma'ana (misali, thyristors) ya ba da iya fara sanya FACTS controllers, wanda ya jagoranci tsarin kungiyar jirgin ruwa mai girma.
Me Yana Da Zakaice FACTS Devices a Kungiyoyi?
Kungiyar da za a iya zama da kyakkyawa yana bukatar aikinsu mai kyau bayan masu aiki da masu magance. A lokacin da an yi magance masu aiki, ya danganta wajen inganta daidaiwa da kullum daga bincike, kuma FACTS devices suna da rawa a wannan ingantaccen.
Tsari mai girma ana nufin waɗannan abubuwan: tsari mai karfi (da ke samun daidaiwa a duk biyu), tsari mai hankali (da ke samun daidaiwa a duk biyu), da kuma tsari mai hankali (vector sum of active and reactive power). Tsari mai hankali, wanda ya kamata aiki da damu ko da damu, ya danganta a yi nasara ta kafin haɗa da kungiyar jirgin ruwa—tsari mai hankali da ba a yi nasara ba ya ci gaba kan da kungiyar ya iya samun daidaiwa mai karfi.
Yanayin aikinsu (don in yi nasara wajen inganta tsari mai hankali da damu da tsari mai hankali da damu) suna da muhimmanci. Wadannan yanayin aikinsu sun taimaka wajen inganta kyakkyawar tsari da kuma inganta daidaiwa.
Nau'o'in Yanayin Aikinsu
Yanayin aikinsu ana nufin daidaiwa a cikin kungiyar tsari:
1. Series Compensation
A cikin series compensation, FACTS devices suna haɗa da kungiyar jirgin ruwa. Waɗannan devices suna da rawa a yi aiki a cikin kungiyar jirgin ruwa, kamar kungiyar mai damu (capacitors) ko kungiyar mai damu (inductors), kungiyar mai damu na cikin series capacitors su ne mafi yawan amfani.
Hadin wannan aikinsu ya fara amfani a kungiyar EHV (Extra High Voltage) da UHV (Ultra High Voltage) don in inganta masu karfin kungiyar jirgin ruwa.
Masu karfi na kungiyar jirgin ruwa ba a yi amfani da device na compensation;
Idan,
V1 = Tsari na gida
V2 = Tsari na birnin gida
XL = Inductive reactance of transmission line
δ = Phase angle between V1 and V2
P = Power transferred per phase
Idan, muna haɗa da capacitor a cikin kungiyar jirgin ruwa. Capacitive reactance of this capacitor is XC. So, the total reactance is XL-XC.So, with a compensation device, the power transfer capacity is given by;
Factor k yana nufin compensation factor or degree of compensation. Generally, the value of k is lies between 0.4 to 0.7. Let’s assume the value of k is 0.5.
Saboda haka, ita ce da amfani da series compensation devices zai iya inganta masu karfi na kungiyar jirgin ruwa da 50%. Idan a amfani da series capacitors, phase angle (δ) da ke duni a tsari da karamin ruwa ya kamata aiki da damu musamman da kungiyar jirgin ruwa da ba a yi amfani da compensation. Tsari mai damu (δ) na damu ya taimaka wajen inganta kyakkyawar kungiyar—wanda, idan an samu daidaiwa da adadin parametere na gida da birnin gida, kungiyar da ake amfani da compensation yana da kyakkyawa mai yawa da kungiyar da ba a yi amfani da compensation.
Shunt Compensation
A cikin kungiyar jirgin ruwa mai girma, tsari na birnin gida yana neman kan tasirin adadin labaran ruwa. Capacitance performs an important role in the high voltage transmission line.
Idan kungiyar jirgin ruwa yana ƙare, labaran ruwa suna buƙaci da tsari mai hankali, wanda a lokacin tsohuwar labaran ruwa an samu daga capacitance mai damu na kungiyar. Amma, idan adadin labaran ruwa yake fi ƙare da SIL (Surge Impedance Loading), tsari mai hankali na ƙare yake haɗa da ƙarfin tsari a birnin gida.
Don in taimaka hakan, muna haɗa da capacitor banks a cikin kungiyar jirgin ruwa a birnin gida. Waɗannan banks sun taimaka wajen samun tsari mai hankali da ke buƙaci, wanda ya taimaka wajen ƙara ƙarfin tsari a birnin gida.
An ƙara capacitance na kungiyar yana ƙara tsari na birnin gida.
Idan kungiyar jirgin ruwa yana ƙare da damu (idani, adadin labaran ruwa yana da ƙare da SIL), tsari mai hankali na ƙare yana da ƙare da tsari mai hankali da capacitance mai damu na kungiyar. A cikin wannan halin, tsari na birnin gida yana ƙara da tsari na gida—wanda ake nufin Ferranti effect.
Don in taimaka hakan, muna haɗa da shunt reactors a cikin kungiyar jirgin ruwa a birnin gida. Waɗannan reactors sun taimaka wajen ƙara tsari mai hankali na ƙare, wanda ya taimaka wajen ƙara tsari na birnin gida a cikin ma'ana.
