Tasiri Maikarfi | Tasiri Tsaki Da Karamin DC Da Karamin Tasiri Turanci Ko Impulse Test

Rike masu kashiya da dukkuka ta zama mai karfi. Yanzu, yawan kashiya da dukkuka ne na biyu don in tafiya daga wurin zuwa wurin baki daya don in tabbatar da kyau ga rike masu kashiya. Tafiyar kashiya da dukkuka a halin da yake da kashiya masu karfi ita ce zan iya yi da adadin kashiya mafi karfi. Saboda haka, sistemai masu kashiya masu karfi zai zama abubuwan da ke neman da suka fiye. Abubuwa da ake amfani da su a cikin sistemai masu kashiya masu karfi, ya kamata su zama suka taimakawa wajen daidaita wannan kashiya masu karfi.

Amma a kan bayan hakan, abubuwa masu kashiya masu karfi suna da kyau suka taimakawa wajen daidaita kashiya masu karfi da za a faruwa a lokacin da suke da aiki a gaba. Wannan kashiya masu karfi da za a faruwa suna iya faruwa a lokutan da ba a tsawon.

Ba za a iya koyi kashiya masu karfi da za a faruwa ba, saboda haka, sauran kashiya ta abubuwa ta zama daidai da idan yana da shi, ya kamata su zama suka taimakawa wajen daidaita dukkan lokutan da ba a tsawon. Don in tabbatar da kyau ga aikinsu wajen daidaita kashiya masu karfi, ya kamata abubuwa suka ji wasu matakiyar masu kashiya masu karfi.

Wasu daga cikin matakiyoyi suna da kyau suka tabbatar da permittivity, dielectric losses per unit volume, da dielectric strength ga materiali masu kashiya. Matakiyoyi na a yi a kan wasu sampali materiali masu kashiya. Wasu matakiyoyi masu kashiya masu karfi suna da kyau suka yi a kan abubuwan da suke da kompleti. Matakiyoyin da za a yi a kan abubuwan da suke da kompleti suna da kyau suka tabbatar da capacitance, dielectric losses, break down voltage, da flash over voltage da sauransu.

Abubuwan Matakiyar Masu Kashiya Masu Karfi

Akwai nauo'i uku abubuwan matakiyar masu kashiya masu karfi da ake amfani da su a cikin abubuwa masu kashiya masu karfi, da su ne

1. Matakiyar low frequency da take da damar daidai.

2. Matakiyar DC da take da damar daidai.

3. Matakiyar high frequency.

4. Matakiyar surge ko impulse.

Matakiyar Low Frequency Da Take Da Damar Daidai

Wannan matakiya ta zama da a yi a kan power frequency (a Najeriya ita ce 50 Hz, a Amurika ita ce 60 Hz). Wannan shine matakiyar masu kashiya masu karfi da ake amfani da shi a cikin abubuwa masu kashiya masu karfi. Matakiyar low frequency da take da damar daidai suna da kyau suka yi a kan sampali materiali masu kashiya don in tabbatar da dielectric strength, dielectric losses ga materiali masu kashiya. Matakiyan ya kamata su yi a kan abubuwa masu kashiya masu karfi da insulators masu kashiya don in tabbatar da dielectric strength da losses ga abubuwan da insulators.

Tsarin Matakiyar Low Frequency Da Take Da Damar Daidai

Tsarin matakiya shine daidai. Ake saka kashiya masu karfi a cikin sampali insulation ko abubuwa da ake matakiya shi a kan transformer masu kashiya masu karfi. Ake saka resistor a kan transformer don in koyi current da ke faruwa a lokacin da breakdown ya faruwa a cikin abubuwa da ake matakiya shi. Resistor ya kamata suka da ohms da ke da kashiya masu saka a cikin abubuwa da ake matakiya shi.

Yana nufin cewa resistance ya kamata suka da 1 ohm / volt. Misali idan ake saka 200 KV a lokacin matakiya, resistor ya kamata suka da 200 KΩ, saboda haka a lokacin short circuit condition, faulty current ya kamata suka da 1 A. Don haka matakiya, ake saka kashiya masu power frequency a cikin sampali ko abubuwa da ake matakiya shi don lokacin daidai don in tabbatar da aikinsu wajen daidaita kashiya masu karfi.

N. B. : Transformer da ake amfani da shi don in samun kashiya masu karfi a cikin matakiyar masu kashiya masu karfi na a yi, ba zan iya da rating masu karfi mafi yawa ba. Idan output voltage shine mafi karfi, amma maximum current ya kamata suka da 1A a cikin transformer. Ba'ada zamani, ake amfani da transformers masu cascaded don in samun kashiya masu karfi, idan an bukata shi.

Matakiyar High Voltage DC

Matakiyar high voltage DC ta zama daidai a cikin abubuwan da ake amfani da su a cikin sistemai masu kashiya masu karfi da DC. Amma matakiyar ta na iya da kyau a cikin abubuwan masu kashiya masu karfi da AC, idan matakiyar high voltage AC ba zan iya ba saboda lokutan da ba a tsawon.

Misali a lokacin da ake fito abubuwan da a site, yana da wuya a kan in samun kashiya alternating power saboda transformer masu kashiya masu karfi ba zan iya da shi a site. Saboda haka, matakiyar high voltage da alternating power ba zan iya ba a site ba a lokacin da ake fito abubuwan. A lokacin da shi, matakiyar high voltage DC shine daidai.

A cikin matakiyar high voltage direct current da AC equipment, ake saka direct voltage da take da damar daidai waɗanda suka duba normal rated voltage a cikin abubuwa da ake matakiya shi don lokacin 15 minutes zuwa 1.5 hours. Idan matakiyar high voltage DC ba zan iya kula matakiyar high voltage AC ba, amma ana iya amfani da shi a lokutan da matakiyar HVAC ba zan iya ba.

Matakiyar High Frequency

Insulators da ake amfani da su a cikin sistemai masu kashiya masu karfi, suna iya faruwa da breakdown ko flash-over a lokacin disturbances masu high frequency. Disturbances masu high frequency suna faruwa a cikin sistemai masu kashiya masu karfi saboda switching operations ko wasu sababin da ba a tsawon. High frequency a power zan iya faruwa failure ga insulators a lokacin da kashiya ta duba mafi karfi saboda dielectric loss da heating.

Saboda haka, insulation ga dukkan abubuwan masu kashiya masu karfi ya kamata suka tabbatar da aikinsu wajen daidaita kashiya masu high frequency a lokacin daidai. Lokacin da line current ta faruwa daidai a lokacin switching ko open circuit fault, zan iya faruwa frequency da voltage wave form a cikin sistemai.

An samu cewa dielectric loss har cycle da power shine daidai. Saboda haka, a high frequency, dielectric loss per second zan iya faruwa mafi karfi da normal power frequency. Dielectric loss masu karfi da yake da shi zan iya faruwa excessive heating ga insulator. Excessive heating zan iya faruwa insulation failure, idan ba ta blasting of insulators. Saboda haka, don in tabbatar da aikinsu wajen daidaita kashiya masu high frequency, ake yi matakiyar high frequency a cikin abubuwan masu kashiya masu karfi.

Matakiyar Surge Ko Impulse Test

Surge ko lighting zan iya faruwa influence mafi karfi a cikin transmission lines. Wannan phenomena zan iya faruwa breakdown transmission line insulator, ko zan iya faruwa electrical power transformer da ke fito a karamin transmission lines. Matakiyar surge ko impulse tests shine matakiyar high voltage da extra high voltage, da ake amfani da su don in bincike influences ga surges ko lightning a cikin abubuwan masu transmission.

Akwai wadanda direct lightening strokes a cikin transmission line shine mafi karfi. Amma idan charged cloud ya faruwa daidai a kan transmission line, line ya faruwa oppositely charged saboda electrical charge da ke cikin cloud. Idan charged cloud ya faruwa daidai saboda lightning stroke nearby, induced charge ga line ya faruwa daidai kuma ya faruwa a kan line da velocity of light.

Saboda haka, an samu cewa idan lightning ba zan faruwa transmission conductor, directly, amma zan iya faruwa transient over voltage disturbance.
Idan lightning discharge a kan line ko nearby to the line, ake faruwa step fronted voltage wave a kan line. Wave form shine:

A lokacin da wave ya faruwa, high voltage stress ya faruwa a cikin insulator. Saboda haka, violent rupture of insulators zan iya faruwa saboda such lightning impulse. Saboda haka, bincike daidai ga insulator da insulating parts ga abubuwan masu kashiya masu karfi, ya kamata su yi a kan matakiyar high voltage.

Lightning impulse shine natural phenomenon, saboda haka ba zan iya da shape da size da steep-fronted voltage. Saboda haka, don in yi matakiyar high voltage, ake saka standard voltage wave. Standard voltage shine mafi karfi, amma ba zan iya da similarity da actual impulse voltage da lightning ko surges ba.

A Britain, a BSS 923 : 1940, standard testing wave ya faruwa 1/50 νsec, wanda yana nufin cewa, voltage ya faruwa a kan peak within 1 micro second kuma ya faruwa 50% of its peak value within 50 micro second. A cikin Indian standard, impulse voltage ya faruwa 12/50 νsec. Wanda yana nufin cewa, voltage ya faruwa a kan peak at 12 micro seconds kuma ya faruwa back to 50% of its peak at 50 micro second.

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