Misa a kan Nau'in Kula da Turanci da Yadda Ake Gargajiya Ta
Takaitaccen: Amfaniya mai gaba ita ce wata alama da ake amfani da shi don kawo yadda ake amfari da zabe na sharhi. Zabe na sharhi tana nufin jumla da ake amfari da kuma ake yi game da sharhi a lokacin haka. Ake amfani da amfaniyar mai gaba a cikin gasar da ke kasuwanci da tattalin arziki. Suna da sauransu da suka da duka.
Bincike Amfaniyar Mai Gaba
An nuna binciken amfaniyar mai gaba na fasa daya a cikin hoton da ake bayyana a nan.
Amfaniyar mai gaba ta haɗa da kabilu uku na biyu, musamman:
An bayyana cikakken kabilu daban-daban a nan.
Sistemun Kungiyar
Magnetin mafi yawan amfani ya zama babban mutanen sistemun kungiyar. Ya yi aiki a matsayin magnetin adadin lokaci, ya faru ne a kan sararin jiha. Mijinta wannan magnetin an yi ne a kan laminashin steel silicon.
A cikin sistemun kungiyar, akwai magnetin mafi yawa biyu. Yadda ake dogara a tsakiyar ya zama shunt electromagnet, sannan a karamar ya zama series electromagnet.
Limin majinta ta haɗa da kubanni copper, wanda ake iya kawo. Ingantaccen kubanni copper shine kunna fluxin magnetic da shunt magnet ya faru a cikin hali da ya zaune da shi a kan supplied voltage.
Sistemun Yauɗa
Sistemun yauɗa ta haɗa da disc na aluminium da ake koyar a kan shaft na alloy. Wannan disc ya zama a cikin air gap da ke duni bayan electromagnets biyu. Idan a yi canza a cikin magnetic field, za a samun eddy currents a cikin disc. Eddy currents waɗanda ake samu za su iya girma a cikin fluxin magnetic, za su iya faru deflecting torque.
Idan wurare ake amfari da zabe, disc na aluminium ya faru yauɗa. Ba a lura a kan yauɗa, disc ya nuna yadda ake amfari da zabe na sharhi. An yi tabbacin yauɗa a kan lokacin haka, kuma disc ya kawo amfari da zabe a kilowatt-hours.
Sistemun Kafin Yauɗa
An amfani da magnetin da ba ya faru ne don kafin yauɗa disc na aluminium. Idan disc ya faru yauɗa, za a samun eddy currents. Eddy currents waɗanda ake samu za su iya girma a cikin fluxin magnetic da magnetin da ba ya faru ne, za su iya faru braking torque.
Wannan braking torque ya ci abin da disc ya faru, ya kafa waɗanda ya kawo waɗanda ya faru. Magnetin da ba ya faru ne ya fi yin kafin ya faru, idan ake kawo shi radially, za a iya rubuta braking torque.
Sistemun Tabbatarwa (Mechanism na Tabbatarwa)
Ingantaccen sistemun tabbatarwa, ko mechanism na tabbatarwa, shine tabbatar da adadin yauɗa cikin disc na aluminium. Yauɗa cikin disc ya danganta da amfari da zabe na sharhi, a kilowatt-hours.
Yauɗa cikin disc ya samu zuwa pointers na dials masu inganci don tabbatar da kayayyakin. Amfari da zabe na sharhi a kilowatt-hours ya samu ne a yi tabbas a kan adadin yauɗa cikin disc da meter constant. Configuration na dial an nuna a cikin hoton da ake bayyana a nan.
Saurarren Amfaniyar Mai Gaba
Amfaniyar mai gaba ta haɗa da disc na aluminium, wanda ake amfani da yauɗa cikinsu don kawo amfari da zabe na sharhi. Wannan disc ya zama a cikin air gap da ke duni bayan series electromagnet da shunt electromagnet. Shunt magnet ta haɗa da pressure coil, sannan series magnet ta haɗa da current coil.
Pressure coil ya faru magnetic field saboda supply voltage, sannan current coil ya faru magnetic field saboda sararin jiha da ya shiga a cikinsu.
Fluxin magnetic da voltage (pressure) coil ya faru ta gaba da fluxin magnetic da current coil ya faru a lokacin 90°. Wannan phase difference ya samun eddy currents a cikin disc na aluminium. Interaction waɗanda ake samu bayan eddy currents da combined magnetic fields za su iya faru torque, wanda za su iya kafa force da za su iya faru disc. Saboda haka, disc ya faru yauɗa.
Force da ya faru yauɗa a cikin disc ya danganta da sararin jiha da ke shiga a kan current coil da voltage across pressure coil. Magnetin da ba ya faru ne a cikin sistemun kafin yauɗa ya kafin yauɗa cikin disc. Ya ci abin da disc ya faru, tare da yake kafin yauɗa cikin disc ya danganta da amfari da zabe na sharhi. Cyclometer (mechanism na tabbatarwa) ya tabbatar da adadin yauɗa cikin disc don kawo amfari da zabe na sharhi.
Kimiyyar Amfaniyar Mai Gaba
Pressure coil ta haɗa da adadin turns da ya fi yawa, saboda haka ya zama inductive da yawa. Magnetic circuit da pressure coil ta haɗa da path da ya fi yawa saboda low reluctance, saboda haka small air-gap length a cikin structure na magnetic. Sararin jiha Ip da ya shiga a kan pressure coil, da ake koyar a kan supply voltage, ya gaba da supply voltage a lokacin 90° saboda high inductance na coil.
Sararin jiha Ip ya faru biyu na magnetic fluxes, Φp, wanda ake koyar a kan Φp1 da Φp2. Portion mai yawa da Φp1 ya shiga a kan side gap saboda low reluctance. Flux Φp2 ya shiga a cikin disc da ya faru driving torque wanda ya faru disc na aluminium.
Flux Φp ya danganta da applied voltage da ya gaba da voltage a lokacin 90°. Saboda haka, flux ya faru eddy current Iep a cikin disc.
Sararin jiha da ke shiga a kan current coil ya faru flux &Φs. Wannan flux ya faru eddy current Ies a cikin disc. Eddy current Ies ya girma a cikin flux &Φp, sannan eddy current Iep ya girma a cikin &Φs, za su iya faru biyu na torques. Biyu na torques waɗanda su faru su yi aiki a cikin directions daban-daban, sannan net torque ya danganta da farkon da suke faru.
Phasor diagram na amfaniyar mai gaba an nuna a cikin hoton da ake bayyana a nan.
Sai
V – applied voltage
I – load current
∅ – the phase angle of load current
Ip – pressure angle of load
Δ – the phase angle between supply voltage and pressure coil flux
f – frequency
Z – impedance of eddy current
∝ – the phase angle of eddy current paths
Eep – eddy current induced by flux
Iep – eddy current due to flux
Eev – eddy current due to flux
Ies – eddy current due to flux
Net driving torque of the disc is expressed as
where K1 – constant
&Φ1 and &Φ2 are the phase angle between the fluxes. For energy meter, we take &Φp and &Φs.
&β – phase angle between fluxes &Φp and &Φp = (&Δ – &Φ), therefore
A cikin steady state, speed of the driving torque is equal to the braking torque.
Speed of the rotation is directly proportional to the power.
Three phase energy meter is used for measuring the large power consumption.
