Yan'uwanta mai muhimmanci da abinci na takalmi da wasu manyan hanyoyi masu kula da IEE-Business Jikin ruwa da hawa ta kula

Akwai kungiyoyi daban-daban da ke cikin cikakken ruwan da tururun na takalma da ya kamata a sani waɗanda suke magana da muhimman kungiyoyi da ke cikin wannan cikakka. Kungiyoyi da za su iya magana da su sun hada da Economizer, takalmuwar takalma, tubukan ruwa, da super heater.

Economizer

• Economizer shine mai gagarwa da ya yi gagarwa daga gasar tsakiyar takalma, kuma ya zama fadin ruwan da ya fara daga ruwan da ya fara zuwa hanyar tsari da ya faruwa da takalma.

• Idan an taka gasar tsakiyar takalma da fadin kasa zuwa jirgin sama, za a haifar da yawan gwamnati da ya faru. Idan an amfani da wasu gasar a kawo ruwan, za a samu karfi da gwamnati, kuma saboda haka ana kiran shi "Economizer".

• Kafin kowace Economizer shine jam'iyyar tubukan da ruwan ya ci gaba. A kan farkon tubukan ana kawo gasar tsakiyar takalma. Mafi yawan tubukan ruwa za a haifar da yawan tsakar gagarwa. Yawan tubukan da tsarin tubukan suna da aiki a bayyana a kan parametolin takalma.

• A kan T-S curve, yankin da aka baka ya nuna yankin da Economizer ya yi gagarwa. Yadda ya ci gaba ruwan ya nuna da 'Qeco'.

Muhimman kungiya mafi yawa da ke cikin Cikakken Ruwan da Tururun

Takalma shine Drum.

Takalma Drum

Duk wata takalma na da drum biyu, shine drum na tururun da drum na ruwan. Duka drum suna da aiki masu ma'ana.

Drum na Tururun

Aiki na drum na tururun a cikin cikakken ruwan da tururun sun hada da:

1. Don in ba da ruwan da tururun da zai iya sanin yadda adadin yanayi ya bar da damar.

2. Don in ba da karamin head da kuma ya taimaka da ingancin ruwan ta gaba da tubukan ruwa.

3. Don in ba da wahala da za a yi wajen tashin vapour ko tururun daga mutanen ruwan-tururun, da risers suka fito.

4. Don in taimaka da aiki na kimiyar zuciya don in taka O2 da kuma in da pH da ya bukata.

Tashin tururun daga mutanen ruwan-tururun a drum na tururun:

• Tururun ya fi tsara da mutanen ruwan-tururun idan ya fara zuwa drum, saboda:

1. Ruwan da ya fara da tururun ya haifar da salts da suka haifar da su. A cikin super heater, ruwan ya ci gaba da salt suna haifar da su a kan farkon tubukan don in taka scale. Scale ya haifar da tsarin super-heaters.

2. Wasu abubuwa da ke cikin ruwan (kamar silica) zai iya haifar da deposits a kan blade na turbine.

• Wannan shine muhimman aiki na drum na tururun don in tashi tururun daga mutanen ruwan-tururun. Idan pressure ita ce (daga 20 bar; 1 bar = 1.0197 kg/cm2) ana amfani da gravity separation. A cikin hakan particles na ruwan suka haifar da tururun saboda tsarin density.

• Idan pressure a cikin drum na takalma ya zama, density na tururun ya zama, saboda tururun yana iya ci gaba da kyau. Saboda haka farko da density na tururun da ruwan ya zama. Saboda haka gravity separation ya zama batu.

• Saboda haka a cikin drum na takalma da pressure mafi yawa, akwai mechanical arrangements (da ake kira drum internals ko anti-priming arrangements) don in tashi tururun daga ruwan.

• Wannan hanka ya nuna duwatsu Anti-priming arrangements da ake amfani a thermal power plants:
  

• Baffles shine separators da suke tashi mutanen ruwan-tururun daga dry steam da kuma suke ba taka hanyar da dry steam.

• A cikin cyclone separator mutanen ruwan-tururun suke taka hanyar da helical path da kuma saboda centrifugal forces particles na ruwan suka haifar da mutanen. Small vanes a cikin cyclone separator suke ci gaba particles na ruwan.

• A cikin scrubber mutanen ruwan-tururun suke taka hanyar da zigzag path da kuma suke ba taka hanyar da drying da tururun.

• Ba tare da scrubber tururun suke taka hanyar da super-heated through a perforated screen.

Mud Drum

Mud drum shine header na biyu da ke cikin gabashin takalma, da ya taimaka da ingancin ruwan ta gaba da tubukan. Mud drum ya haifar da ruwan da saturation temperature, da kuma precipitated salts da impurities da ake kira slurries. Ana washar shi lokacin da na washar shi don in taka slurry ta gaba da discharge valve.

Tubukan Ruwan

Waɗannan shine muhimman a cikin cikakken ruwan da tururun na takalma
Tubukan ruwan shine bent ko straight hollow tubes da ke cikin mutanen ruwan-tururun. Akwai tubukan ruwan biyu, shine down-comer da riser. Wannan down-comer, riser assembly shine Evaporator (ko boiler proper). A cikin evaporator state change da ke faru daga ruwan zuwa tururun. A cikin T-S diagram, yankin da evaporator ya yi gagarwa ya nuna. 'Qeva' shine heat absorbed by evaporator. It is mainly the latent heat of vaporization of water.

Down comers Tubukan Ruwan

Kamar sunan down-comers shine tubukan ruwan da ke cikin ruwan ya fara daga drum na tururun zuwa mud drum (see fig.). Babu vapour bubble da ya fara along with saturated water from the drum to the down comers. Wannan zai haifar da density difference da kuma pressure head for natural circulation.

Risers Tubukan Ruwan

Risers shine tubukan ruwan da ke cikin mutanen ruwan-tururun da ya fara daga mud drum zuwa drum na tururun. Risers suna da near furnaces, while the down-comers are away from the furnaces.

Super Heaters